Study on the Clinical Features and Prognosis of Penicilliosis marneffei Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Abstract

Penicilliosis marneffei is insidious onset and easy to be escaped and misdiagnosed. To achieve early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, doubtful cases should be alerted for the diagnoses as P. marneffei.

Talaromycosis in a Patient on Nintedanib for Interstitial Lung Disease

“…Talaromycosis, formerly known as penicilliosis, is a fungal infection caused by Talaromyces sp. The dimorphic fungus was first isolated from Rhizomys sinensis (bamboo rat) in Vietnam in 1956, and classically causes opportunistic fungal infection in HIV-infected individuals who reside or travel to Southeast Asia [1]. Talaromyces marneffei was not recognized as a potential infection until a 1959 laboratory experiment conducted in France proved it was possible to acquire the pathogen [2].…”

“…Transmission of infection occurs through inhalation of conidia or skin contact from an environmental reservoir, and the organism can affect the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucosa, or neurological system. It is unknown whether person-to-person transmission occurs [1,2]. Because phagocytic cells defend against this infection, immunocompetent patients present with suppurative reactions while immunocompromised patients present with necrotizing infections [1].…”

“…It is unknown whether person-to-person transmission occurs [1,2]. Because phagocytic cells defend against this infection, immunocompetent patients present with suppurative reactions while immunocompromised patients present with necrotizing infections [1]. The typical talaromycosis infection has a broad clinical presentation and may manifest as weight loss, fever, epidermal lesions, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or respiratory symptoms.…”

“…Infection of the respiratory tract presents with cough, fever, dyspnea, and chest pain. Pulmonary manifestations on chest radiography may include diffuse reticulonodular, localized alveolar, or diffuse alveolar infiltrates [1,3]. Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7215…”

“…With the advent of antiretrovirals, talaromycosis is now a relatively rare AIDS-defining infection, and there have only been very few reported cases in non-endemic immunocompetent individuals [1,4]. In immunocompetent patients, talaromycosis appears to occur more often in those with other systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or sarcoidosis [1,2]. However, it is difficult to judge this prevalence, given the low number of overall case reports.…”