Study on the Chemical Composition and the Biological Activities of Vitis vinifera Stem Extracts

Abstract

Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) is a herbaceous plant, cultivated worldwide and known for its biological benefits. The aim of this study is the investigation of the chemical composition as well as the determination of the biological potential of different grape stem extracts obtained by maceration and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The HPLC analysis of the tested extracts led to the identification of 28 compounds of which 17 were identified for the first time in grape plants, in addition to seven revealed in the stem part for the first time. Twenty-nine volatile molecules have been detected by GC-MS in the grape stem part; among them seven were identified for the first time in the grape plant. For the biological analysis, the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) obtained by maceration showed a significant potential regarding antioxidant activity (IC50 = 42.5 µg/mL), anti-Alzheimer (IC50 = 14.1 µg/mL), antidiabetic (IC50 = 13.4 µg/mL), cytotoxic with HCT-116 (IC50 = 12.5 µg/mL), and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 26.6 µg/mL) activities, as well as showing the highest polyphenol content (207.9 mg GAE/g DW).

Implication of the Polymeric Phenolic Fraction and Matrix Effect on the Antioxidant Activity, Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability of Grape Stem Extracts

“…The TPC and TEAC values determined for HPE and LPE were similar to those found in other PLE grape stem extracts [ 1 , 3 ]. The greater phenolic content observed for HPE was attributable to its higher polymeric procyanidin content, whereas LPE was mainly composed of mono-oligomeric phenolic compounds.…”

“…Moreover, phenolic acids, mainly gallic and caftaric acids, have been reported, although protocatechuic, p -hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, caffeic, or p -coumaric acids have also previously been found. In addition, trans -resveratrol, as well as diverse quercetin-related compounds, have previously been described in grape stem extracts [ 1 , 8 ]. Additionally, the characterization of the proanthocyanidin fraction was in agreement with the literature, particularly with Merlot’s proanthocyanidins [ 23 ].…”

“…Over the last few decades, winemaking by-products have been used to obtain high-value-added natural ingredients, which have several potential health benefits, attributed to the presence of certain phenolic compounds [ 1 , 2 ]. Several extraction techniques have been proposed for obtaining these compounds, including traditional solid–liquid extractions, as well as more efficient techniques, such as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Polysaccharides from South Tunisian Moringa alterniflora Leaves: Characterization, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activity, and Laser Burn Wound Healing in Rats

“…Cytotoxicity of MLWSP against human breast (MCF-7), ovarian (OVCAR), and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines was estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of Ben Khadher et al [ 60 ]. Briefly, 100 µL of cells were distributed in 96-well plates at a concentration of 104 cells per wells and incubated at 37 °C during 24 h. Then, 100 µL of cells in exponential growth phase were incubated in a fully humidified atmosphere at 37 °C for 48 h with the addition of 100 µL of the culture medium, supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 50 μg mL −1 gentamycin, containing MLWSP at a concentration of 50 mg L −1 .…”

“…UV Absorption Peak Detection MLWSP was dissolved in distilled water to a final concentration of 0.1%. The UV absorption spectrum of the sample was recorded in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm [60] using a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer (2005, JP Selecta S.A., Barcelona, Spain).…”