“…For macromolecules, fluorescence measurements can provide some information on the binding of small molecules with protein, such as the binding mechanism, binding mode, binding constants, binding sites, and intermolecular distances. A variety of molecular interactions can result in quenching, including excited state reactions, molecular rearrangements, energy transfer, and ground-state complex formation [15,16]. Fluorescence-quenching mechanisms generally include static and dynamic quenching [17].…”