Study on the Anticancer Activity of Prodigiosin from Variants of Serratia Marcescens QBN VTCC 910026

Abstract

Prodigiosin (Pg), a secondary metabolism produced by numerous bacterial species, is known as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, immunosuppressant, antioxidant, antimalarial properties. Pg has been tested for antitumor activity in many different cancer cell lines but studies in LU-1, KB cell lines, and tumor-bearing mice are still limited. In this study, Serratia marcescens QBN VTCC 910026 strain (GenBank: KX674054.1) was mutated using Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) to increase the production of Pg. One strain known as EMS 5 was capable of increasing prodigiosin biosynthetic yield by 52% when compared to the wild-type strain. Red bacterial pigmented colonies containing Pg were collected from solid media, lysed with acetone, purified with toluene: ethyl acetate at a ratio of 9: 1 (v/v), and then used to evaluate the potential anticancer activity. The purity of Pg was confirmed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which indicated a 98% rate. Pg chemical formula which was determined using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, confirmed as prodigiosin (Pg). Human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, oropharyngeal cancer KB, and particularly lung cancer LU-1 in vitro were used to test the anticancer activity of purified Pg compound. It showed a strong inhibitory ability in all the cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the isolated Pg had capable of inhibiting tumor growth, the tumor volume decreased by 36.82%, after 28 days. The results indicated that the bacterial prodigiosin from variants Serratia marcescens QBN VTCC 910026 strain is an encouraging fragment suitable for therapeutic applications.

Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Properties of Prodigiosin, a Bioactive Product Produced by a New Serratia marcescens JSSCPM1 Strain: Exploring the Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Serratia Species for Biological Applications

“…In our study, the determination of the molecular weight of the PG compound was performed using the LC-MS method. The LC-MS results showed a single peak of 324.20 m/z , which corresponds to the molecular weight of PG from the study conducted by Lin C. et al [ 38 ] and Nguyen S. et al [ 53 ]. The structure of the PG compound was determined through the use of high-field 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.…”

“…We achieved 95.95% purity at a retention time of 16.65 min. Nguyen S. et al isolated the PG compound from S. marcescens EMS and achieved 98.67% purity at an initiated retention time of 18.866 min [ 53 ]. In another study, Lee JS.…”

“…The structural analysis of the PG compound was performed using 13C NMR and 1H NMR [ 53 ] at the University of Mysore, India. The NMR spectra, both 1D and 2D, were acquired using a Bruker AV 500 MHz spectrometer.…”

The Golgi Apparatus as an Anticancer Therapeutic Target

“…Prodigiosin is a bacterial secondary metabolite that also exerts anticancer effects in different in vitro models (e.g., breast, lung, and oropharyngeal cancers), as well as in a mouse model of lung carcinoma [37]. This compound acts as an H + /Cl − symporter, leading to an alkalization of acidic organelles such as the GA.…”

Transcriptomic analysis of cell envelope inhibition by prodigiosin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite of many microorganisms, including Serratia marcescens , Serratia nematodiphila , Zooshikella sp., Serratia plymuthica , etc., characterized by a relatively simple structure of three pyrrole rings and a methoxy group ( Darshan and Manonmani, 2016 ; Woodhams et al, 2018 ; Ramesh et al, 2020 ; Amorim et al, 2022 ). In the past decade, various biological effects of prodigiosin were revealed, including immunosuppressive, anticancer, antimalarial and fungicidal activities ( Han et al, 2005 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Han et al, 2021 ; Nguyen et al, 2022 ). Moreover, prodigiosin also exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus ( Suryawanshi et al, 2014 ; Woodhams et al, 2018 ; Herráez et al, 2019 ).…”