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In this paper, the numerical simulation was done for a cylindrical tee by establishing a steady-state simulation to examine the mixing performance. The temperature of the fluid at the hot inlet was chosen as 36 °C and 19 °C for the cold inlet. The numerical simulation was done for a short tee of 192 mm and a long mixing tee of 262 mm at a variety of momentum ratios. The geometry was meshed in FLUENT before solving the domain. For the meshing, the faces were initially named hot inlet, cold inlet, outlet, and walls. The triangular method was chosen to generate a mesh for the flow domain. The size of the cell in meshing was taken as 0.1 m. In this work, the SST k–ω models were selected to perform the computations. The analytical values of temperature were used to validate the numerical results. Results show that the thermal mixing was done effectively using the CFD ANSYS software package. Results show that the size of the mixing area is the same hence there is not much of a difference between the long tee and the short tee in that particular sector. The thermal mixing was found better when the velocity at the vertical inlet (y-axis) becomes greater and the average temperature is lower. Also, the increase in the pipe's length causes the average temperature to drop since the fluid mixes better the farther along it travels, while also slightly increasing the velocity.
In this paper, the numerical simulation was done for a cylindrical tee by establishing a steady-state simulation to examine the mixing performance. The temperature of the fluid at the hot inlet was chosen as 36 °C and 19 °C for the cold inlet. The numerical simulation was done for a short tee of 192 mm and a long mixing tee of 262 mm at a variety of momentum ratios. The geometry was meshed in FLUENT before solving the domain. For the meshing, the faces were initially named hot inlet, cold inlet, outlet, and walls. The triangular method was chosen to generate a mesh for the flow domain. The size of the cell in meshing was taken as 0.1 m. In this work, the SST k–ω models were selected to perform the computations. The analytical values of temperature were used to validate the numerical results. Results show that the thermal mixing was done effectively using the CFD ANSYS software package. Results show that the size of the mixing area is the same hence there is not much of a difference between the long tee and the short tee in that particular sector. The thermal mixing was found better when the velocity at the vertical inlet (y-axis) becomes greater and the average temperature is lower. Also, the increase in the pipe's length causes the average temperature to drop since the fluid mixes better the farther along it travels, while also slightly increasing the velocity.
A good understanding of the mixing mechanism of hot and cold fluids in T-junctions is of great importance in ensuring the safe operation of T-junction piping systems. An impeller is added to T-junction ducts, and experiments are conducted using particle image velocimetry without considering the temperature difference between two fluids. The velocity field, vorticity field, and impeller speed are obtained for blade numbers Np = 3 and 4 at different momentum ratios (MR). When the impeller rotates passively in T-junctions under the impact of a branch jet, the values of MR required to initiate impeller rotation are MR = 0–0.5 for Np = 3 and 0–0.125 for Np = 4. However, an impeller with two blades cannot rotate at any momentum ratio. The relationship between the rotation speed and the flow rates of the main and branch fluids is obtained. An impeller with three blades rotates at a non-uniform speed, while that with four blades rotates uniformly. The jet flow pattern in T-junctions is converted from the impinging jet to the deflecting jet at MR ≥ 0.1. The average and root-mean-square velocity are essentially the same for a given momentum ratio, whereas the impeller speed increases with increasing flow rate for the main and branch ducts. As the momentum ratio decreases, the impeller speed also increases. For an impinging jet, the addition of an impeller effectively reduces the velocity fluctuation area and transfers the zone of the highest velocity fluctuation from the bottom wall to the middle of the main duct.
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