“…Therefore, surface treatment technologies, such as chemical surface heat treatment [9], laser shock peening [10], surface shot peening [11], and ultrasonic impact technology [12], and other surface treatment technologies are adopted to improve the surface properties of the materials. Ultrasonic impact technology uses the impact needle of ultrasonic impact equipment to impact the surface of the material at high frequency to generate ultrasonic shock wave, thereby producing plastic deformation on the surface of the material, leading to the refinement of the internal microstructure and the introduction of effective residual stress, thus improving the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the surface of the material [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Compared with other surface treatment technologies, ultrasonic impact technology has the advantages of larger residual stress, better process controllability, more uniform machined surface, simple equipment, and low maintenance cost.…”