Study on Soil Mobility of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Mörtl, Mária; Kereki, Orsolya; Darvas, Béla; Klátyik, Szandra; Vehovszky, Ágnes; Győri, János; Székacs, András

doi:10.1155/2016/4546584

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Leaching is lower and sorption is higher in soils with a high content of organic material (Selim et al 2010). In a recent comparison of soil types, Mörtl et al (2016), Fig. 3) found that clothianidin and thiamethoxam leached readily from sandy soils.…”

Section: Evidence For Exposure To Neonicotinoid Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 95%

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Wood

Goulson

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

422

221

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Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use has grown rapidly. They are now the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with the majority of applications coming from seed dressings. Neonicotinoids are water-soluble, and so can be taken up by a developing plant and can be found inside vascular tissues and foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects. However, only approximately 5% of the neonicotinoid active ingredient is taken up by crop plants and most instead disperses into the wider environment. Since the mid-2000s, several studies raised concerns that neonicotinoids may be having a negative effect on non-target organisms, in particular on honeybees and bumblebees. In response to these studies, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was commissioned to produce risk assessments for the use of clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and their impact on bees. These risk assessments concluded that the use of these compounds on certain flowering crops poses a high risk to bees. On the basis of these findings, the European Union adopted a partial ban on these substances in May 2013. The purpose of the present paper is to collate and summarise scientific evidence published since 2013 that investigates the impact of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms. Whilst much of the recent work has focused on the impact of neonicotinoids on bees, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that persistent, low levels of neonicotinoids can have negative impacts on a wide range of free-living organisms.

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Section: Evidence For Exposure To Neonicotinoid Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 95%

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Wood

Goulson

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

422

221

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“…The environmental fate of neonicotinoids and their mobility in soils depends on soil properties as well [28]. We have studied the mobility of TMX and CLO along a soil column analyzing the AIs in the eluates (soil chromatography).…”

Section: The Presence Of Neonicotinoids In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

Mörtl

Vehovszky

Klátyik

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Various environmental and ecotoxicological aspects related to applications of neonicotinoid insecticides are assessed. Dosages of neonicotinoids applied in seed coating materials were determined and are compared to other applications (spray and granule). Environmental levels in soils and affecting factors in translocation are discussed. Excretion of neonicotinoids via guttation from coated maize seeds up to two months upon emergence, as well as cross-contamination of plants emerged from non-coated seeds or weeds nearby have been demonstrated. Contamination of surface waters is discussed in scope of a worldwide review and the environmental fate of the neonicotinoid active ingredients and the formulating surfactant appeared to be mutually affected by each other. Toxicity of neonicotinoid active ingredients and formulations on Daphnia magna completed with some investigations of activity of the detoxifying glutathione S-transferase enzyme demonstrated the modified toxicity due to the formulating agents. Electrophysiological results on identified central neurons of the terrestrial snail Helix pomatia showed acetylcholine antagonist (inhibitory) effects of neonicotinoid insecticide products, but no agonist (ACh-like) effects were recorded. These data also suggested different molecular targets (nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholine esterase enzyme) of neonicotinoids in the snail central nervous system.Before the approval of neonicotinoids in seed treatment, numerous insect pests were controlled with the use of in-furrow granular insecticides. Seed coating is regarded as a precise delivery method of pesticides, which is therefore more effective compared to other plant protection product (PPP) applications (e.g., spraying). Neonicotinoids persist long enough to provide an effective control on a broad spectrum of insects, which led to their increased adoption by growers. As for maize, an estimated annual average of 45% and 25% of the total crop cultivation in the US was treated with CLO and TMX, respectively (with annual maxima of 65% for CLO and 45% for TMX in any given year) [16], and corresponding average proportion of the use of seeds coated with CLO or TMX are 46%, 33%, 24% and 18% for sugar beet, cotton, sorghum and soybean, respectively [16]. In accordance with these maximum rates, nearly 100% of maize in the US and canola in Canada is cultivated from seeds coated with neonicotinoids [17] and often fungicides as well.One of the first signs of the environmental problem caused by neonicotinoids was detected in Germany in the spring 2008, when abrasion of active substance from treated seeds during sowing of maize led to mass poisonings incidents of bees [18]. Thereafter, substantial efforts were made to minimize the environmental impacts of these crop protection products. Improvements in seed coating technology (e.g., application of polymers) and modification of pneumatic planters have been introduced to reduce abrasion of the seed coating material during planting. Polymers in seed treatment not only i...

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“…It exhibits low volatility, a high water solubility and a low log K ow . The limited number of publicly available K oc values and the two theoretical values calculated by the authors indicate a very high to medium potential for mobility based upon the McCall classification scheme; though a compound's actual mobility is also governed by its degradation rate and other dissipation processes. See Table .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The route and rate of thiamethoxam soil degradation in laboratory and outdoor incubated tests, and field studies following seed treatments or spray application

Hilton¹,

Emburey

Edwards

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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Soil DT values decreased with increasingly realistic tests (laboratory OECD307 to soil cores to soil cores with a light/dark cycle to field trials). The majority of the differences were associated with the soil treatment in OECD307 studies which destroys soil structure and retards the degradation rate; and from the impact on soil pore water movement in light/dark conditions. Degradation rates in the field were comparable between spray application and seed treatments. Maximum clothianidin concentrations were four-fold lower for seed treatments than for spray application in field studies. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Study on Soil Mobility of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

The route and rate of thiamethoxam soil degradation in laboratory and outdoor incubated tests, and field studies following seed treatments or spray application

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