Study on skin roughness caused by surfactants: I. A new method in vivo for evaluation of skin roughness

Imokawa, Genji; Sumura, K.; Katsumi, Mamoru

doi:10.1007/bf02640736

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Surfactants can damage the skin, provoking scaling [1][2][3], perceived sensations of dryness, tightness and roughness [2][3][4][5][6], and extreme irritation marked by ery thema and swelling [7,8]. The mechanism(s) w'hcreby surfactants elicit these effects is not fully understood, it has been suggested that protein denaturation and inhibi tion of enzyme activity arc implicated in surfactant effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation

et al. 1990

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The relationship between the in vivo irritation potential of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and the ability of these two surfactants to remove lipid from the stratum corneum (SC) in vitro were investigated. Either surfactant removes detectable levels of lipids only above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). At high concentrations the surfactants removed only very small amounts of cholesterol, free fatty acid the esters of those materials, and possibly squalene. SLS and LAS have been shown, below the CMC, to bind to and irritate the SC. Thus, clinical irritation provoked by SLS or LAS is unlikely to be directly linked with extraction of SC lipid. The milder forms of irritation – dry ness tightness roughness – may involve both surfactant binding to and denaturation of keratin as well as disruption of lipid. Our findings challenge earlier assumptions that surfactants’ degreasing of the SC is involved in the induction of erythema.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation

et al. 1990

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“…Alkyl sulfate (AS) (CnH2n+IOSO3Na[CnAS]), alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate(ES) ( (1,(7)(8)(9)(10), with respect to alkyl distribution, ratios of the isomer of alkylbenzene sulfonate, and ratios of alkene and hydrox forms in alfa-olefin sulfonate. The list of surfactants is shown in Table I together with their alkyl distribution and purities.…”

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Skin‐Irritating and Biological Properties of Monoalkyl Phosphate Anionic Surfactants

Imokawa

1979

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Monoalkyl phosphate type of low irritating anionic surfactants were investigated with respect to their effect on various biological systems including proteins, enzymes, and lysosomes. Our results indicated that a remarkably weak membrane rupture effect at a concentration less than critical micellar concentration is important for low irritating feature. Mechanism by which irritation is caused by surfactants is discussed.

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“…Since wellknown removers of lipids, such as surfactants or organic solvents, induce dry skin (2)(3)(4) which is characterized specifically by reduced water content in the stratum corneum, it appears that the structural lipids may also play a considerable role in the water-holding potential of stratum corneum. Little is known, however, about the function of stratum corneum lipid in water-holding properties, despite that some evidences suggest a role for skin barrier function and stratum corneum cohesion (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of Lipids on Human Skin

Imokawa

Akasaki

Kuno

et al. 1989

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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In order to clarify the roles of lipids in the water-holding property of stratum corneum, the forearm skin of healthy male volunteers was treated with acetone/ether (1/1) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (5%) for 1-30 min.A prolonged treatment period of 5-30 min produced a chapped and scaly appearance of the stratum corneum without any inflammatory reactions.Under these conditions, there was a marked decrease in the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum accompanied by a selective loss of stratum corneum lipids such as cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and sphingolipids. Two daily applications of the isolated stratum corneum lipids to experimentally induced dry skins caused a significant increase of conductance r accompanied by a marked improvement in the level of scaling.Meanwhile, the isolated sebaceous lipids exhibited no significant recovery in both the conductance value and the scaling.Out of chromatographically separated fractions of the stratum corneum lipids, topical applications of ceramide fraction induced the highest increase in the conductance value.Topical applications of synthesized pseudo-ceramides also showed a significant recovery of the water-retaining properties accompanied by an improvement in the scaling only when the polar group has an amide bond in the major linkage.Analysis of the alkyl chain structures has revealed that a structural requirement for the recovery of the water retaining capacity is the presence of saturated-straight alkyl chains, not unsaturated or branched alkyl chains. These structural characteristics required for water-retaining function also paralleled their capacity to form multiconcentric lamellae vesicles in vitro which is also capable of acquiring bound water as shown by """"DSe-t'Fiermograms. The present study suggests that ceramides with relatively shorter alkyl chain length serve as a water modulator in the multi-lipid bilayers through the stratum corneum.

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Study on skin roughness caused by surfactants: I. A new method in vivo for evaluation of skin roughness

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation

Stratum corneum Lipid Removal by Surfactants: Relation to in vivo Irritation

Study on Skin‐Irritating and Biological Properties of Monoalkyl Phosphate Anionic Surfactants

Functions of Lipids on Human Skin

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