Study on secondary electron suppression in compact D–D neutron generator

Huang, Z.; Bai, Xiaohou; Liu, Changqi; Wang, Jun-Run; Ma, Zhixin; Lü, Xiaolong; Zheng, Wei; Zhang, Zimin; Zhang, Yu; Yao, Ze

doi:10.1007/s41365-019-0596-0

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Besides, the ion beam instability in the vacuum chamber of neutron generators is another problem that cannot be ignored when the neutron yield is increased. Beam instability is mainly induced by the secondary electron emission on the target, which affects the operation stability of the neutron generator, and poses a potential safety hazard [ 16 ]. In this case, characterizing these neutron generators is essential for improving their functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neutron generator is mainly composed of an ion source, an ion extraction–accelerating system, a target system, and a vacuum system [ 16 , 17 ]. Generally, deuterium ions are produced in the ion source, then extracted and accelerated by the extraction–accelerating electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the voltage difference, secondary electrons (SEs) are produced inevitably from the target surface when bombarded by the high-energy deuterium ion beam, and then accelerated back to the vacuum, as well as the ion source. This results in the formation of the secondary electron current, an increase in power loads, and the unstable operation of the neutron generator [ 16 , 18 , 19 ]. To reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) in neutron generators, various methods of secondary electron suppression have been developed, such as Faraday cup suppression, magnetic and electric field suppression, and combinations of these methods [ 16 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in the formation of the secondary electron current, an increase in power loads, and the unstable operation of the neutron generator [ 16 , 18 , 19 ]. To reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) in neutron generators, various methods of secondary electron suppression have been developed, such as Faraday cup suppression, magnetic and electric field suppression, and combinations of these methods [ 16 , 20 ]. However, the disadvantages are that they introduce extra components and occupy the neutron generation space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the electric field suppression method, a resistor connecting the extraction–accelerating electrode to the target is applied to provide a bias voltage during the D+ ion bombardment. Secondary electrons can be completely suppressed with high resistance [ 16 ]. Different neutron generator structures require different bias voltages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Secondary Electron Yield Properties of Titanium–Palladium Films with Laser-Treated Copper Substrate for Application in Neutron Generators

Gao

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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Secondary electron emission (SEE) of the oxygen-free high-conductivity copper (OFHC) target surface in neutron generators limits the stability and improvement of the neutron yield. A novel-type target of titanium–palladium films coated on laser-treated OFHC target substrate was proposed and explored in this work to obtain low secondary electron yield (SEY) without introducing any components. The combination of Ti–Pd films and laser-treated OFHC substrate can effectively suppress secondary electron emission and enhance the adsorption ability to hydrogen isotopes with the existence of Pd film. The surface morphologies, surface chemical states, and SEYs of Ti–Pd films with laser-treated OFHC substrate were studied systematically for the first time. The XPS results showed that the laser-treated OFHC substrate surface was basically covered by Pd film. However, the Pd film surface was partially oxidized, with percentages of 21.31 and 10.02% for PdO and PdO2, respectively. The SEYs of Ti–Pd films with laser-treated OFHC substrate were all below 1 within the investigated primary energy range of 100–3000 eV, which would be sufficient for application in neutron generators. Specifically, the maximum SEY (δmax) of laser-treated OFHC substrate coated by Ti–Pd films was 0.87 with corresponding incident electron energy of 400 eV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Structural and Secondary Electron Yield Properties of Titanium–Palladium Films with Laser-Treated Copper Substrate for Application in Neutron Generators

Gao

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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Design and optimization study of a duoplasmatron ion source for high-intensity proton beam

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Simulation of charged particle beam dynamics extracted from a plasma source

Kanshin

2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This paper presents the results of computer simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics of the hydrogen isotopes beam dynamics extracted from a plasma source of small linear accelerator. The beam energy was 100 keV. The simulation was carried out taking into account the charge exchange of ions on neutral gas molecules in the accelerating system. At the same time, the calculations took into account the process of secondary ion-electron emission from the surfaces of the accelerating system that are bombarded with both fast and slow ions. Consideration of this process made it possible to determine that the value of the electronic load is at least 50% of the main beam current of 100 μA. The inclusion in the trajectory analysis the magnetic field simulation in the secondary electrons generation area made it possible to determine the magnetic field strength, which effectively blocks secondary electrons on the target (3000 Gauss). Then it has been experimentally demonstrated that the discharge current in a plasma source automatically increases by 20% when using the magnetic suppression system on the target node (magnetic field strength is 3000 Gauss).

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Study on secondary electron suppression in compact D–D neutron generator

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Structural and Secondary Electron Yield Properties of Titanium–Palladium Films with Laser-Treated Copper Substrate for Application in Neutron Generators

Structural and Secondary Electron Yield Properties of Titanium–Palladium Films with Laser-Treated Copper Substrate for Application in Neutron Generators

Design and optimization study of a duoplasmatron ion source for high-intensity proton beam

Simulation of charged particle beam dynamics extracted from a plasma source

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