Study on Propagation Depth of Ultrasonic Longitudinal Critically Refracted (LCR) Wave

Liu, Yongmeng; Liu, En‐Xiao; Chen, Yuan-Lin; Wang, Xiaoming; Sun, Chuanzhi; Tan, Jiubin

doi:10.3390/s20195724

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The ultrasonic transducers were placed on both sides of the groove during the experiment, so that the propagation path of LCR wave is perpendicular to the groove as shown in Figure 11. When the penetration depth of the LCR wave is less than the depth of the groove, no signals will be collected by the receiving transducer [22]. The apparatuses are identical to those used in the last experiment except for the sample and the ultrasonic transducers, which are omitted in Figure 11.…”

Section: Experimental Platform and Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a high-precision testing technique, the ultrasonic method has been used for stress detection [20,21]. Its principle is based on the relationship between stress and velocity of ultrasonic, which is called the acoustoelastic effect [22]. According to the ultrasonic waveforms, ultrasonic nondestructive testing can be subdivided into various methods, among which the critically refracted longitudinal (LCR) wave method is the most sensitive to inherent stress [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress distribution in basin‐type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave

Kang,

Ren,

Zhang

et al. 2023

High Voltage

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Basin‐type insulator often has small cracks due to stress concentration. The current method cannot accurately reflect the stress condition of the insulator to find the stress concentration areas. To solve these problems, a method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress (δ1 and δ2) within different depth ranges in a basin‐type insulator is proposed based on critically refracted longitudinal (LCR) wave. First, the acoustoelastic equation characterising the relationship between the variation of LCR wave propagation time and the plane stress was derived. Next, the propagation characteristics of LCR wave in epoxy resin samples were investigated. Then, the stress distribution within different depth ranges of the insulator subjected to hydraulic load was measured using the proposed method, including direction (θ), δ1 and δ2. The results show that the magnitude of the stress alone cannot accurately characterise the stress state. Points with equal distances to the centre have similar stress magnitudes, but their directions are not the same. With increasing depth, θ remains essentially unchanged at the same location, while δ1 and δ2 decrease, and the rate of decrease varies at different locations. Comparing the measured and simulated data, the results showed that they were in good agreement, and the maximum errors of stress value and θ were 0.69 MPa and 2.97°, respectively, which confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of the stress detection in the proposed method.

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Section: Experimental Platform and Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress distribution in basin‐type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave

Kang,

Ren,

Zhang

et al. 2023

High Voltage

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show abstract

“…By simulating the propagation depth of critical refraction longitudinal wave at different frequencies, Liu et al fitted the relationship between detection frequency and detection depth [32]. The detection frequency is 5 M, so the detection depth is about 1.08 mm.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Critical Refraction Longitudinal Wave Detection M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Residual Stress and Deformation Control of TC4 Thin-Walled Outer Ring Components by Ultrasonic Regulation

Song

Pan

et al. 2022

Machines

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The deformation problem caused by the excessive residual stress has brought great challenges to the high-precision machining and geometrical stability of thin-walled components. Aiming to ensure the verticality within 0.012 mm after the processing and forming of a certain type of outer ring components, this paper firstly employs the ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave (LCR wave) detection method to test the residual stress distribution in the key process. Additionally, the stress elimination effect of cryogenic stress relief treatment and the effect of residual stress on vertical deformation are analyzed. After that, combined with the self-developed ultrasonic stress relief (USR) equipment, the ultrasonic regulation treatment was used to replace the heat treatment stress relief process for the processing. The results show that after wire cutting and milling, excessive residual stress induces deformation of components, and USR method can eliminate machining residual stress more efficiently and quickly. As the whole component has torsional deformation along the cross section, the hole position at the upper and lower end faces is changed, which leads to the change in verticality. Finally, based on the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the potential microscopic mechanism of stress relief by ultrasonic treatment is analyzed. This study provides guidance for ultrasonic residual stress regulation to achieve the high-precision outer ring thin-walled components.

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“…Sadeghi [28] used the longitudinal ultrasonic waves of different frequencies to perform depth measurements of residual stresses on a friction-stir-welded aluminum plate and the obtained results were also in agreement with the finite element simulation model. Liu [29] simulated the propagation mode of L CR waves of different frequencies in steel and obtained an approximate ultrasound propagation depth range in steel. Pei N [30] compared numerous parameters for generating critically refracted longitudinal waves, such as transducer frequency, transducer diameter, and incidence angle, to demonstrate the effect of frequency on the depth of L CR wave propagation and to optimize the system parameters required to generate L CR waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The propagation behavior of a multi-frequency L CR wave in aluminum alloy is studied by simulation, and aluminum alloy test blocks with grooves of different depths were designed. Due to the influence of different-depth grooves on the ultrasonic propagation time [29], in order to avoid analysis errors, this study selects the attenuation degree of the displacement signal amplitude at the receiving end as a reference. According to the internal stress distribution state of components, an ultrasonic stress depth distribution detection model is proposed, a load model for a simply supported beam is designed, and a loading test was designed for verification, which provided a theoretical basis for L CR to detect the normal stress of aluminum alloy members at different depths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on an Ultrasonic Longitudinal Critically Refracted Wave Detection Method for the Depth Distribution of Stress

Lu¹,

Xu²,

Pan³

et al. 2022

Metals

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Aluminum alloy components typically have structural characteristics such as large size and complex shape, making the in situ non-destructive detection of internal residual stress in these structures a challenge that the manufacturing sector has tried to solve. Ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves have shown good sensitivity to normal stress in the horizontal direction and could be used to detect the distribution of internal residual stress in components, offering an advantage not shared by other detection methods. In this study, we investigated the propagation mode of LCR waves in a 2A14 aluminum alloy component and established the characterization model of the average normal stress of LCR waves in different depth ranges. The blocking effect of LCR waves by a groove with a depth equal to twice the wavelength was analyzed and experimentally verified using a machined aluminum alloy test specimen. Then, the propagation depths of LCR waves in the aluminum alloy at different frequencies were determined. A load test on a cantilever beam based on the stress depth distribution model was designed, and the stress characterization model and LCR waves’ propagation depth were further verified by the self-developed LCR wave stress detection system. The test results showed that the LCR wave could accurately detect the depth distribution of stress and could serve as a useful tool for evaluating the depth distribution of normal stress inside aluminum alloy components.

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Study on Propagation Depth of Ultrasonic Longitudinal Critically Refracted (LCR) Wave

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

A method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress distribution in basin‐type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave

A method for detecting two‐dimensional plane stress distribution in basin‐type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave

The Residual Stress and Deformation Control of TC4 Thin-Walled Outer Ring Components by Ultrasonic Regulation

Research on an Ultrasonic Longitudinal Critically Refracted Wave Detection Method for the Depth Distribution of Stress

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