Study on Preparation and Performance of Foamed Lightweight Soil Grouting Material for Goaf Treatment

Abstract

The harm goafs and other underground cavities cause to roads, which could lead to secondary geological hazards, has attracted increased attention. This study focuses on developing and evaluating the effectiveness of foamed lightweight soil grouting material for goaf treatment. The study examines the foam stability of different foaming agent dilution ratios by analyzing foam density, foaming ratio, settlement distance, and bleeding volume. The results show that there is no significant variation in foam settlement distance for different dilution ratios, and the difference in foaming ratio does not exceed 0.4 times. However, the bleeding volume is positively correlated with the dilution ratio of the foaming agent. At a dilution ratio of 60×, the bleeding volume is about 1.5 times greater than that at 40×, which reduces foam stability. Furthermore, an appropriate amount of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate improves both the foaming ability of the foaming agent and the stability of the foam. Additionally, this study investigates how the water–solid ratio affects the basic physical properties, water absorption, and stability of foamed lightweight soil. Foamed lightweight soil with target volumetric weights of 6.0 kN/m3 and 7.0 kN/m3 meet the flow value requirement of 170~190 mm when the water–solid ratio ranges are set at 1:1.6~1:1.9 and 1:1.9~1:2.0, respectively. With an increasing proportion of solids in the water–solid ratio, the unconfined compressive strength initially increases and then decreases after 7 and 28 days, reaching its maximum value when the water–solid ratio is between 1:1.7 and 1:1.8. The values of unconfined compressive strength at 28 days are approximately 1.5–2 times higher than those at 7 days. When the water ratio is excessively high, the water absorption rate of foamed lightweight soil increases, resulting in the formation of connected pores inside the material. Therefore, the water–solid ratio should not be set at 1:1.6. During the dry–wet cycle test, the unconfined compressive strength of foamed lightweight soil decreases, but the rate of strength loss is relatively low. The prepared foamed lightweight soil meets the durability requirements during dry–wet cycles. The outcomes of this study may aid the development of enhanced approaches for goaf treatment using foamed lightweight soil grout material.

Characterization, Applications and New Technologies of Civil Engineering Materials and Structures

“…Liu et al investigated the effects of foam densities, foaming agent types, and the presence of slurry on the pore structure and mechanical properties of foamed lightweight soils to evaluate their stability [7]. Zhao et al examined the foam stability of different foaming agent dilution ratios by analyzing foam density, foaming ratio, settlement distance, and bleeding volume, developing and evaluating the effectiveness of foamed lightweight soil grouting material for goaf treatment [8]. Chong et al investigated the influence of dry-wet cycles and sulfate attack on the performance of magnesium potassium phosphate cement as well as the effect of waterglass [9].…”

Performance of a New Grouting Material under the Coupling Effects of Freeze–Thaw and Sulfate Erosion

“…Liu et al [5] investigated the effect of gypsum on the performance of alkali slag-fly ash slurry under composite excitation and concluded that under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, the value of the loss of strength of the nodule body was positively correlated with the gypsum dosage, and the loss of strength was the most significant in the first five freeze-thaw cycles. Zhao et al [6] investigated the water stability and frost resistance of a new grouting material for foam lightweight soil, and the results showed that the strength of the specimen decreased with the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the larger the water-cement ratio, the weaker the frost resistance of the specimen. Wang et al [7] investigated the sulfate resistance of grouting slurries mixed with lead-zinc tailings.…”