Study on natural oils as alternative processing aids and activators in carbon black filled natural rubber

Jayewardhana, W.G.D.; Perera, Glen; Edirisinghe, D. G.; Karunanayake, L.

doi:10.4038/jnsfsr.v37i3.1212

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Palm, soya bean and sunflower oils have demonstrated the possibility as alternative processing aids and activators in carbon black filled natural rubber. [2] For hydrocarbon rubbers such as natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), the interaction between hydrocarbon rubbers and carbon black can be improved greatly by the introduction of the coupling action of some particular additives. [3] It has been reported elsewhere that vegetable oils can act as coupling agent between carbon black and rubber interfaces, leading to the enhancement of ultimate properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Pechurai

Chiangta

Tharuen

2015

Macromolecular Symposia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: This research was studied on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of rubber compounds using vegetable oil as the processing aid in styrene butadiene rubber compound such as castor oil and jatropha oil in comparison with petroleum based aromatic oil. The quantities of the oils varied from 0 to 9 phr. The study showed that the cure characteristics in terms of maximum torque and torque difference tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of oils, while scorch time and cure rate index increased. Moreover, hardness and 100% modulus tended to decrease as increasing loading levels of the oils in the SBR vulcanizates while elongation at break increased. However, tensile strength was not significantly affected. For using the vegetable oils, we found that abrasion resistance and rebound resilience were better than those of aromatic oil, and also displayed high hardness. It could be concluded that the vegetable oils were better alternative processing aids compared to aromatic oil, which has been reported as carcinogenic.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Pechurai

Chiangta

Tharuen

2015

Macromolecular Symposia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rosli et al studied the curing of an EPO-cycloaliphatic diepoxide system with an oxirane ring as a curing agent to form polymer composites using UV radiation [17]. Also, to improve the impact strength of polymer composites, Jayewardhana et al used epoxidized soybean oil in epoxy resin as a toughening agent [18]. Therefore, it is possible for researchers to incorporate with the epoxy network system as a processing aid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Epoxidized Palm Oils as Green Processing Aids and Activators in Rubber Composites

Lee

Song

2019

International Journal of Polymer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and a relatively less costly processing aid. In this study, we investigated the suitability of EPO in place of aromatic processing oils in styrene butadiene rubber. The curing properties, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and heat buildup properties of rubber composites with EPO were compared with those of the standard with aromatic oils. The rubber composites with EPO showed enhanced mechanical properties including modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. This is ascribed to the improved dispersion of fillers in the rubber matrix and interaction between the filler and the polymer. Furthermore, EPO in the rubber matrix showed remarkable abrasion resistance, rebound resilience, and heat buildup at low loadings. EPO in a rubber composite presents feasibility as a renewable raw material that can serve as an alternative to petrochemical oils in various applications.

show abstract

“…In addition, palm oil gave rubber compounds with the best heat resistances. Also, soybean oil could be used as a coactivator for rubber compounding . When palm oil fatty acid was used in a calcium carbonate filled natural rubber formulation, it improved the reversion behavior of the rubber compounds .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noted that the activators used in the rubber formulations are generally high molecular weight monobasic acids, or mixtures of stearic, oleic, lauric, palmitic, and myristic acids. 23,24 These fatty acids are the basic composition of benzyl ester, which could be possible to react with zinc oxide to form zinc stearate by dehydration. The zinc stearate then reacts with sulfur and cure accelerator to form a zinc complex.…”

Section: Solubility Parameters and Behavior Of Processing Oils In Rubmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, soybean oil could be used as a coactivator for rubber compounding. 11 When palm oil fatty acid was used in a calcium carbonate filled natural rubber formulation, it improved the reversion behavior of the rubber compounds. 12 The free fatty acids in coconut oil marginally reduced the cure time by accelerating the vulcanization reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Benzyl Esters of Vegetable Oils as Processing Oil in Carbon Black–Filled SBR Compounding: Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Performance

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three different types of benzyl ester were synthesized from vegetable oils (i.e., coconut oil, palm oil, and soybean oil). They were then utilized in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compound reinforced with carbon black. First, the benzyl esters were investigated by varying the molar ratio of fatty acids in vegetable oil to benzyl alcohol, the catalyst concentration, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature, observing the yield of benzyl ester. Then SBR was compounded with the benzyl esters, observing cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphologies of the SBR compounds, with the control compound containing conventional aromatic oil. The highest 96% yield of benzyl ester was obtained with palm oil fatty acid. Furthermore, the benzyl ester oils consumed less energy during processing but gave comparable carbon black dispersion, in comparison with the conventional aromatic oil. C

show abstract

Study on natural oils as alternative processing aids and activators in carbon black filled natural rubber

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Investigation of Epoxidized Palm Oils as Green Processing Aids and Activators in Rubber Composites

Benzyl Esters of Vegetable Oils as Processing Oil in Carbon Black–Filled SBR Compounding: Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About