Study on mussel-inspired tough TA/PANI@CNCs nanocomposite hydrogels with superior self-healing and self-adhesive properties for strain sensors

Tannic acid: a versatile polyphenol for design of biomedical hydrogels

“…The presence of TA on the surface of CNC causes a higher density of polymer chains around the NP due to a denser hydrogen bond between TA@CNC and PVA chains compared to a CNC and PVA chain. 263,264 Alternatively, a PAM hydrogel containing PANI@CNCs coated by TA exhibited significant stretchability (974%) and strength (759 kPa) 265 derived from dynamic borate ester bonds and multiple supramolecular interactions such as metalphenolic complexation resulting in high energy dissipation (Fig. 11b).…”

3D hollow-structured hydrogels with editable macrostructure, function, and mechanical properties induced by segmented adjustments

“…In short, hydrogel ring-based electronics will have obvious advantages over traditional self-adhesive sensors or fabric sensors, which are manifested in its better fit, stability, and anti-interference. 35 …”

Natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogel for biomedical applications

“…Natural-based hydrogels can integrate multiple functions (electricity, toughness, transparency, self-repair, antibacterial properties, and tolerance to extreme environments) into allin-one bioelectronic devices. The key to bioelectronic devices is the integration of tough hydrogels with stretchability, adhesiveness, self-repairing ability, biocompatibility, and high sensitivity [254,255], for example, to be designed as electronic sensors, monitors, and/or human biomimetic materials.…”