Study on metal elements in indoor particulate matter: a case study of rural residential environment in Northeast China

Abstract

The use of solid fuels for heating and cooking in rural Northeast China has led to severe indoor metal element pollution in particulate matter (PM), posing a direct threat to human health and creating immense pressure on the sustainability of residential environments. To investigate the levels, sources, and potential health hazards of indoor metal element pollution in this region, we conducted a year-long sampling and monitoring campaign in actual residential settings and used ICP-OES to measure six metal elements (Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni). This study's findings reveal that indoor metal element pollution levels in PM (33,513.65 mg/kg per year) are higher in rural Northeast China compared to other rural areas. Straw burning is the primary source of metal element pollution, followed by motor vehicle emissions and natural soil sources. It is crucial to note that our results indicate a total carcinogenic risk greater than 10 −4 according to the US EPA health risk model assessment, highlighting the high risk posed to human health by indoor metal elements in rural areas. By using a seriously polluted area in Northeast China as a case study, this research provides initial insights into the characteristics and sources of indoor metal pollution in rural areas, offering a reference for future prevention and control of indoor pollution in these regions. Ultimately, this work can help improve the rural habitat and enhance the health of the rural population.

Factor analysis and risk assessment of indoor environmental parameters and TSV in fitness centres under different zones, exercise intensities and times

“…Zhang et al 16 set the sampling point at 1 -2 m through the Indoor Air Quality Standard GB/T18883-2002. Li and Si et al 17,18 set the sampling point at a height of 1.5 m through the Indoor Air Quality Standard GB/T18883-2002. To ensure compliance with the Indoor Air Quality Standard GB/T18883-2002, the sampling height should be set within the range of 0.5 -1.5 m. In this study, the sampling point was set at a height of 0.6 m, meeting the specified requirements.…”