Study on host-seeking behavior and chemotaxis of entomopathogenic nematodes using Pluronic F-127 gel

Li, Chunjie; Zhou, Xianhong; Lewis, Edwin E.; Yu, Yong; Wang, Congli

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2019.01.004

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Generally, the steinernematids survived at a wider pH range than the heterorhabditids that survived better from neutral to slightly alkaline pH (7-8) in ammoniumacetate solutions. This is contrary to Li et al (2019) results, where they observed that Heterorhabditis megidis and H. bacteriophora (HBN,NJ,, preferred an acidic pH range of 4.32 to 5.04.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Quantification of pH tolerance levels among entomopathogenic nematodes

Khathwayo¹,

Ramakuwela²,

Hatting³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nematology

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Soil pH affects the availability of nutrients, which impacts plant growth and development. Similarly, soil pH may also influence microorganisms in the soil, either beneficial or nonbeneficial. One such group of beneficial microorganisms is entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), parasites of soil-inhabiting insects. Entomopathogenic nematodes have a number of attributes that make them good alternatives to chemical insecticides. The objective of this study was to investigate pH tolerance of 11 steinernematids and six heterorhabditids post exposure to different pH levels. Entomopathogenic nematode populations were exposed to varying pH levels (pH2 to pH11) made up from two different chemical solutions (ammonium-acetate and citrate-phosphate). Entomopathogenic nematode populations are expected to have varying tolerance to different pH levels. The highest infective juvenile survival was obtained from pH3 to pH10 in citrate-phosphate, where all populations displayed >50% survival. Steinernema carpocapsae populations had >90% survival at pH3 to pH11 in citrate-phosphate solutions. Overall, the steinernematids had a higher survival range in ammonium-acetate pH solutions compared with the heterorhabditids. Moreover, Steinernema spp., S. carpocapsae (ScCxrd, ScAll, and ScItalian) and S. riobrave showed consistently higher survival in both acidic and alkaline solutions, when compared to the other steinernematids, suggesting that they may be applied in both acidic and alkaline soils. These findings can be of use when selecting EPNs for biological control purposes in the two countries, respectively.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Quantification of pH tolerance levels among entomopathogenic nematodes

Khathwayo¹,

Ramakuwela²,

Hatting³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nematology

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“…Hydrogels such as Pluronic F127 have been used mainly as detergents, stabilizers, foaming agents and emulsifiers in the field of biomedicine, in tissue engineering and pharmacology (Bercea et al, 2011; Gwon et al, 2018; Wu et al, 2018). Recently, they have been used in studies of interactions between plant parasitic nematodes and plants (Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an innovative in vitro method for mass production of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia

Sayago

Juncosa

et al. 2019

Preprint

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13The soil-borne fungal plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae can infect more than 300 plant 14 species including important economic crops, causing great economic loses. V. dahliae 15 can persist and survive more than 14 years in the soil by resistance structures, known as 16 microsclerotia, which constitute the primary inoculum in the field. In vitro mass 17 production of microsclerotia is essential for performing many pathological assays. 18Nevertheless to harvest the microsclerotia is not an easy task and several protocols have 19 been described although none of them is completely satisfying for different reasons. here 20 we present a new protocol that is reproducible, robust, simple and fast allows to overcome 21 the difficulties for obtaining massive amounts of microsclerotia. In summary, we 22 developed a new culture medium that we called Pluronic Potato Medium (PPM) because 23 it is essentially potato dextrose media with the hydrogel, Pluronic F127 as a solidifying 24 agent. The microsclerotia collected in form PPM were infectious in tomato plants were 25 2 they were able to reproduce the disease and we recovered and quantitated V. dahliae in 26 infected plants. 27Keywords Verticillum dahliae, microsclerotia, inoculum, mass production, pluronic 28 29 This difficulty was absolutely overcomed by using a thermoreversible hydrogel as 175 Pluronic F-127 as a solidifying agent in PPM medium. 176 Poloxamer or Pluronics hydrogels are triblock copolymers (nonionic, polyoxyethylene-177 polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene (PEO-PPO-PEO)) that have multiple pharmaceutical 178 applications (Bohorquez et al., 1999). A widely explored member of this family is 179 Pluronic F127, which has 1200 kDa PPO units and 70% PEO content (Wang et al., 2019).180The most striking feature of this hydrogel is that, due to its composition, it shows 181 transformations as a function of temperature changes. This characteristic of 182 thermoreversible gel is useful in concentrations higher than or equal to 20%. Cold 183 temperatures cause the gel to go from solid to liquid state, while remaining solid at room 184 temperature (Akash & Rehman, 2015). These characteristics of appropriate hydrophilic / 185 lipophilic balance, high molecular weight, thermos-reversibility and lower mechanical 186 strength allow for a high extraction capacity in aqueous phase (Lv et al. 2007) by TIPS 187 (Qiu et al., 2008). Hydrogels such as Pluronic F127 have been used mainly as detergents, 188 stabilizers, foaming agents and emulsifiers in the field of biomedicine, in tissue 189 engineering and pharmacology (Bercea et al., 2011; Gwon et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2018). 190 Recently, they have been used in studies of interactions between plant parasitic nematodes 191 and plants (Li et al., 2019). 192 The main advantages of a massive production of V. dalihae MS using the PPM media and 193 the methodology here described are the short time elapsed from inoculating the mycelium 194 to the moment of collecting the MS, the minimal physical space needed for producing 195 MS an...

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“…The PF127 was made as previously described [16,20]. A clean stir bar was added to a flask or bottle of an appropriate size.…”

Section: Pluronic Gel Behavioral Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of these qualities, PF127 has been extensively used in plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) research, to evaluate the behavioral responses of PPNs to stimuli such as root exudates [ 13 , 14 ]. Despite the use of PF127 in the research on PPNs, its use in EPN behavioral research has been recent and limited; having only been used to evaluate root exudates, pH and volatiles released by gnat larvae [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPNs Exhibit Repulsion to Prenol in Pluronic Gel Assays

Baiocchi

Dillman

2020

Insects

Self Cite

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are lethal parasites of insects that have become valuable in biological control and as a model system for studying host–parasite interactions, behavioral ecology, neurobiology, and genomics, among other fields. Their ability to locate hosts is paramount to successful infection and host seeking has been extensively studied in many species in the lab. Here, we explored the usefulness of pluronic gel as a medium to assess EPN host seeking in the lab by characterizing the response of Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, S. riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. indica to the odor prenol. We found that the infective juveniles (IJs) of these species were repelled by prenol in pluronic gel. We then evaluated how storing the IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. glaseri for different amounts of time affected their behavioral responses to prenol. The response of S. carpocapsae was significantly affected by the storage time, while the responses of S. feltiae and S. glaseri were unaffected. Our data support the notion that pluronic gel is a useful medium for studying EPN behavior and that the response of S. carpocapsae to informative odors is significantly affected by long-term storage.

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Study on host-seeking behavior and chemotaxis of entomopathogenic nematodes using Pluronic F-127 gel

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Quantification of pH tolerance levels among entomopathogenic nematodes

Quantification of pH tolerance levels among entomopathogenic nematodes

Development of an innovative in vitro method for mass production of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia

EPNs Exhibit Repulsion to Prenol in Pluronic Gel Assays

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