Study on Functionally Gradient Proton Exchange Membrane fabricated by EB Irradiation with Heterogeneous Energy Deposition

Fujita, H.; Shiraki, Fumiya; Yoshikawa, Tsuneo; Oshima, Akira; Washio, Masakazu

doi:10.2494/photopolymer.23.387

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For a function-graded PEM, a gradient density of sulfonic acid groups along the membrane thickness direction is typically used as the definition [89]. In most previous studies, such partially fluorinated sulfonic acid membranes (part-FSAs) were prepared using irradiation methods, e.g., a low-energy electron beam (EB) [90,91]. The mechanism of improving the cell performance is the control of the membrane water uptake.…”

Section: Elecrode Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell modeling and optimization

Lü

Song

Das

2023

Fuel Cells for Transportation

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Section: Elecrode Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell modeling and optimization

Lü

Song

Das

2023

Fuel Cells for Transportation

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“…Moreover, the functional design of graded proton-exchange membranes along the membrane thickness direction has also been proposed by constructing a gradient density of sulfonic acid groups in most cases . New techniques, such as low-energy electron beam (EB) , or Xe 54+ heavy-ion beam (HB) irradiation, were carried out to achieve the required partially fluorinated sulfonic acid membranes (part-FSAs) to optimize the water transfer processes inside the membranes. However, the greatest challenge still lies in the graded design of catalyst layers because they are extremely thin and complicated, with multiple functions compared to other components of the MEA.…”

Section: Game Changers: Improved Transport Pathways Engineered By Nov...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Engineering of Multiphase Transport Processes in Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with a Focus on the Cathode Catalyst Layer: A Review

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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The development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology will give rise to a great evolution toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly life by powering clean electric vehicles or stations. However, several vital problems still hinder the commercialization of PEMFCs. The foremost issue is the high cost compared to the contenders, deriving from both the high consumption of Pt catalysts and low service life under practical operations. In this review, deeper investigations on how to further lower the cost of PEMFCs show the importance of understanding and engineering the multiphase transport processes in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The definitions, rules, numerical simulations, and experimental validations of various mass transfer processes across the MEA are introduced to provide a holistic evaluation and enable optimization to improve the cell performance and reliability. In addition, because the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) requires most of the Pt catalysts, the oxygen/water-related multiphase transfer in CCLs is taken as a focus for detailed analysis. Several successful strategies, such as triple-phase boundary engineering, graded design, and novel ordered three-dimensional structure construction, are proven to be promising in greatly reducing the Pt consumption in the CCL and facilitating the microscopic multiphase transfer processes of the MEA. With optimized engineering of the electrode structure and configuration inside the MEA, the mass transfer resistances can be minimized to give the best operating conditions for electrochemical reactions to occur in the catalyst layers. Finally, the main challenges and some perspectives for developing advanced MEAs with lower cost in high-performance and reliable PEMFCs are provided.

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Fabrication of Function‐Graded Proton Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Using Electron Beam‐Grafting

et al. 2014

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Function‐graded proton exchange membranes (G‐PEMs) based on poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) were fabricated for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) via electron beam‐grafting using the heterogeneous energy deposition technique. The G‐PEMs had a water uptake gradient in the proton transfer direction, originating from the sulfonic acid group gradient. The distribution of sulfonic acid groups in the various G‐PEMs was evaluated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Four types of PEMs (flat‐type, strong‐gradient, meso‐gradient, and weak‐gradient types) were fabricated. By varying the direction of the G‐PEMs, the methanol permeation test and DMFC operation were performed with two orientations of the sulfonic acid group gradient, decreasing from the methanol injection (anode) side (decrease‐type) or the other (cathode) side (increase‐type). The methanol permeability of the strong‐gradient, meso‐gradient, and weak‐gradient G‐PEMs was lower than that of Nafion®117 and the flat‐type PEM. The “increase‐type” orientation of the strong‐gradient G‐PEM resulted in the lowest methanol permeability. The DMFC performance of the G‐PEMs was influenced by the thickness direction, such as “decrease‐type” and “increase‐type.” The performance of the “decrease‐type” assembly was higher than that of the “increase‐type.” The “decrease‐type” assembly with P‐200 k (weak‐gradient G‐PEM) exhibited the highest performance of the fabricated PEMs, comparable to that of Nafion®117.

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Study on Functionally Gradient Proton Exchange Membrane fabricated by EB Irradiation with Heterogeneous Energy Deposition

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Fuel cell modeling and optimization

Fuel cell modeling and optimization

Understanding and Engineering of Multiphase Transport Processes in Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with a Focus on the Cathode Catalyst Layer: A Review

Fabrication of Function‐Graded Proton Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Using Electron Beam‐Grafting

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