Study on flavonoid and bioactivity features of the pericarp of Citri Reticulatae ‘chachi' during storage

Liang, Shejian; Wen, Zhijia; Tang, Tie-xin; Liu, Yufang; Dang, Fengliang; Xie, Tianxiao; Wu, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103653

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our results were consistent with one previous report that the contents of the 15 types of flavonoid metabolites in PCR-C (year 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 29) were increased with the extended storage periods [ 18 ]. In addition, the contents of the free phenolic acids in 3-year PCR-C clearly differed from those at 1-year PCR-C [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Identification of Crucial Polymethoxyflavones Tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and Evaluation of Their Contribution to Anticancer Effects of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ during Storage

Tao

Huang

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ (PCR-C), rich in polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), has potential anticancer bioactivity and its quality will be improved during storage. However, the main factors influencing the PCR-C quality during its storage remain unclear. In this study, multivariate analysis was performed to investigate free and bound PMFs of PCR-C during storage. The anticancer effects of purified PCR-C flavonoid extracts (PCR-CF) and the important PMFs were evaluated using A549 cells. The results showed that PCR-C samples exhibited remarkable differences in free PMFs during storage, which fell into three clusters: Cluster 1 included fresh (fresh peel) and PCR-C01 (year 1); Cluster 2 consisted of PCR-C03 (year 3) and PCR-C05 (year 5); and PCR-C10 (year 10) was Cluster 3. 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, tangeretin, and isosinensetin were identified as the most important PMFs distinguishing the various types of PCR-C according to its storage periods. Moreover, PCR-CF inhibited A549 cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, cell apoptosis, and ROS accumulation, and all anticancer indices had an upward tendency during storage. Additionally, tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone exhibited anticancer effects on A549 cells, whereas isosinensetin displayed no anticancer effect, indicating that tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone jointly contributed to anticancer activity of PCR-C during storage. PCR-CF and the most important PMFs killed cancer cells (A549 cells) but had no cytotoxicity to normal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5 cells). Overall, the high quality of long-term stored PCR-C might be due to the anticancer effects of tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Identification of Crucial Polymethoxyflavones Tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and Evaluation of Their Contribution to Anticancer Effects of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ during Storage

Tao

Huang

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…As shown in Figure 7 C, the EtOAc extract possessed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than crude alcoholic extract, and 50 μg/mL EtOAc extract was able to significantly decrease LPS-induced NO, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion, indicating that the EtOAc extract might possess more potent anti-inflammatory activity than crude alcoholic extract in vitro. Some studies consider that flavonoids and polyphenols possess better bioavailability because of their increased lipophilicity and better bioactivity [ 40 ], however, the results from our study showed that the EtOAc and crude alcoholic extract possessed very similar chemical profiles, where the abundance of hydrophobic compounds, such as hesperitin, nobiletin, and sinensetin, was also detected in the crude alcoholic extract, indicating the difference in anti-inflammatory potential might result from the presence of beneficial “synergistic” interactions and “antagonism” interactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics-Guided Identification of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium as a Functional Food Ingredient with Anti-Inflammatory Potential

Ma¹,

Jin

Qian

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is one of the most commonly used food supplements and folk medicines worldwide, and possesses cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory protective effects partially through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. The unique aromatic flavor and mild side effects make CRP a promising candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory functional food. However, recent studies show that the crude alcoholic extract and some isolated compounds of CRP show compromised anti-inflammatory activity, which became the main factor hindering its further development. To identify the bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential, and improve the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, a bioinformatics-guided extraction protocol was employed in this study. The potential bioactive candidates were identified by combing network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, principal components analysis, k-means clustering, and in vitro testing of reference compounds. Our results demonstrated that 66 compounds in CRP could be grouped into four clusters according to their docking score profile against 24 receptors, while the cluster containing flavonoids and phenols might possess a more promising anti-inflammatory function. In addition, in vitro anti-inflammatory tests of the seven reference compounds demonstrated that hesperitin, naringenin, and gardenin B, which were grouped into a cluster containing flavonoids and phenols, significantly decreased LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production of macrophages. While the compounds outside of that cluster, such as neohesperidin, naringin, hesperidin, and sinensetin showed little effect on alleviating LPS-induced NO and proinflammatory cytokine production. Based on the chemical properties of selected compounds, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was selected as the solvent for extraction, because of its promising solubility of flavonoids and phenols. Furthermore, the ethanol alcoholic extract was used as a reference. The chemical profiling of EtOAc and crude alcoholic extract by HPLC/MS/MS also demonstrated the decreased abundance of flavonoid glycosides in EtOAc extract but increased abundance of phenols, phenolic acid, and aglycones. In accordance with the prediction, the EtOAc extract of CRP, but not the crude alcoholic extract, significantly decreased the NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Taken together, the results suggested selective extraction of phenols and flavonoids rich extract was able to increase the anti-inflammatory potential of CRP partially because of the synergistic effects between flavonoids, phenols, and enriched polymethoxyflavones. Our study might pave the road for the development of ethyl acetate extract of CRP as a novel functional food with anti-inflammatory function.

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“…For example, flavonoids such as neo-hesperidin, hesperidin, baicalin, kaempferol 3- O -rutinoside, and rutin from different sources, and a series of xanthones from Swertia plants could effectively interact with SARS-CoV-2 targets [ 22 ]. In addition, molecular docking was recently performed using flavonoids from fruit peel of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ to target the spike proteins, 3CLpro, PLpro, and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that many flavonoids have stronger affinity with the targets than do positive control drugs [ 23 ]. Recently, in a multicenter, prospective and randomized controlled clinical trial, Lianhuaqingwen capsule, a manufactured product of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication [ 24 ].…”

Section: Natural Products In Medicinal Plants: Hidden Treasures With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era

Guo¹,

Yao

Chen³

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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Globally, medicinal plant natural products (PNPs) are a major source of substances used in traditional and modern medicine. As we human race face tremendous public health challenge posed by emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and surging drug prices etc., harnessing the healing power of medicinal plants gifted from mother nature is more urgent than ever in helping us survive future challenge in a sustainable way. PNP research efforts in pre-genomic era focus on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, and identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. Critically, systemic biological, multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches integrating and interrogating all accessible data from genomics, metabolomics, structural biology and chemical informatics, are necessary to accelerate the full characterization of biosynthetic and regulatory circuitry for producing PNPs in medicinal plants. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on the current research of PNPs in medicinal plants by focusing on how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, the molecular basis of their biosynthesis, as well as synthetic biology. Finally, we humbly provide a foresight of the research trend for understanding the biology of medicinal plants in the coming decades.

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Study on flavonoid and bioactivity features of the pericarp of Citri Reticulatae ‘chachi' during storage

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Identification of Crucial Polymethoxyflavones Tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and Evaluation of Their Contribution to Anticancer Effects of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ during Storage

Identification of Crucial Polymethoxyflavones Tangeretin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and Evaluation of Their Contribution to Anticancer Effects of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae ‘Chachi’ during Storage

Bioinformatics-Guided Identification of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium as a Functional Food Ingredient with Anti-Inflammatory Potential

Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era

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