Study on Family Rules in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Abstract

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the state laid emphasis on the village society control, encouraging families at different places to set norms restraining family members in genealogical record and vesting family elders with power to decide and enforce these norms. It was in this period that the family rules achieved rapid development, having increasingly mature content and form and general support from authorities; therefore, the Ming and Qing Dynasties became a typical time for the development of ancient family rules.

Predictors of decision ambivalence and the differences between actual living liver donors and potential living liver donors

“…In traditional Eastern culture, there is an emphasis on moral obligation and family order [31–32]. Thus, PLDs may feel obligated to risk their mental and physical health, which may be related to higher ambivalence, to save the recipient’s life and preserve the family order.…”

“…In this study, the degree of ambivalence was higher than that of previous studies that used the same ambivalence scale; DiMartini et al [ 20 ] found a mean score 2.7, and Lai et al [ 24 ] found a mean score 3.14. In traditional Eastern culture, there is an emphasis on moral obligation and family order [ 31 – 32 ]. Thus, PLDs may feel obligated to risk their mental and physical health, which may be related to higher ambivalence, to save the recipient’s life and preserve the family order.…”

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Agricultural Facilities in Heihe River Basin Since Han Dynasty

“…The Heihe River Basin is located in the arid inland of the Hexi Corridor in China, which has historically been one of the most developed agricultural, socially prosperous, and stable regions with the most complete agricultural facilities, especially since the Han Dynasty. It is also the earliest basin in northwest China where irrigated Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy • Author Copy agriculture was developed on a large scale, but it is also an area where the contradictions in the development of soil and water resources have deteriorated dramatically [3,4]. Records related to agricultural facilities in the Heihe River Basin were generally absent before the Han Dynasty, but they have been recorded since the Han Dynasty, therefore allowing the changes of agricultural facilities to be studied using document data and historical photographs [5][6][7].…”