Study on extraction of thiophene from model gasoline with brønsted acidic ionic liquids

Abstract

Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), N-methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([HMIm]HSO 4 ) and N-methylpyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate ([HNMP]HSO 4 ), are synthesized and employed as extractants to extract thiophene from model gasoline (thiophene dissolved in noctane). The effect of extraction temperature, extraction time and volume ratio of ILs to model gasoline on desulfurization rates is investigated. Then, the optimal desulfurization conditions are obtained: the ratio of ILs to model gasoline is 1∶1, extraction temperature is 50°C for [HMIm]HSO 4 and 60°C for [HNMP]HSO 4 , extraction time is 60 min. Meanwhile, the desulfurization rate of [HNMP] HSO 4 for model gasoline is 62.8%, which is higher than that of [HMIm]HSO 4 (55.5%) under optimal conditions. The reason is discussed on the basis of the interaction energy between thiophene and ILs at the B3LYP/6-311 ++ G(d,p) level. Furthermore, the total desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO 4 and [HMIm]HSO 4 reaches 96.4% and 94.4%, respectively, by multistage extraction. Finally, the used ILs can be reused by vacuum drying, and their desulfurization rates are not significantly decreased after recycling 7 times in single-stage desulfurization.

Ionic Liquids for Desulphurization: A Review

“…Further Ionic Liquids for Desulphurization: A Review http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79281 investigations showed that ILs gave higher removal of molecules that have higher density of aromatic π-electrons. Cross-miscibility of the studied aromatics in the ILs produced an unwanted effect, whereby high cross-miscibility will demonstrate a loss of fuel or at least contribute to an increase of process costs [39]. However, the effect of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and xylene needs further research in order to understand the selective extraction process.…”

“…An approach based on extraction for removing sulfur compounds from actual diesel using ILs have been investigated by many researchers [39]. Compared to model oil or model fuel, the extraction from actual diesel is much more complicated due to its complex chemical composition including many different sulfur compounds and other impurities such as nitrogen and oxygen-containing compounds.…”

“…This behavior makes ILs as feasible for regeneration, which in turn presents potential economic viability of desulphurization process using ILs. In addition, the process is considered as being environmental benign since no waste is generated [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Acid Ionic Liquids as a New Hardener in Urea-Glyoxal Adhesive Resins

“…So far, several researchers have indicated that the use of materials with higher heat transfer properties can reduce the hot press time and increase IB strength of the panel [21]. Wang et al (2014) investigated the influence of various types of catalysts on the synthesis of different materials [7]. They indicated that [NMP]+HSO4 exhibited the best catalyst results among various acidic ionic liquids because it has several advantages: (1) the IL [NMP]+HSO4 shows better catalytic activity and high yields; (2) the halogen free IL is more advantageous and the solvent free conditions for its use meet the greener aspects of catalysis; and (3) [NMP]+HSO4 can be easily recycled Internal bond (IB) of the manufactured panels is shown in Figure 11.…”

Effect of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tricyanomethane in Extractive Desulphurization Process on Model Oil

“…Currently, many of the other countries in the world, especially those with high fuel consumption such as China, India, Russia, Brazil and Iran, are taking steps to follow the standard fuel product specification that is presently in place in the USA and Europe. Some countries in Asia, Middle East and South America such as Thailand, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Argentina, Chile and Peru are currently contemplating a more drastic action in ratcheting down the standards which would bring them at par with the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Euro IV standard, where the limit for sulphur content is 50 ppm (Lo et al 2003;Lu et al 2007;Rheinberg et al 2008;Zhao et al 2008;Li et al 2009;Adzamic et al 2009;Kulkani and Afonso, 2010;Taib and Murugesan, 2011;Wang et al 2011).…”