Study on external exposure doses from terrestrial radioactivity in Southern Vietnam

Abstract

This paper presents the radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for 106 samples of surface soil collected in Southern Vietnam. The mean values of mass activity of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for Southern Vietnam are 28.6, 50.7 and 292.6 Bq kg(-1), respectively, which lead to the population-weighted absorbed dose rate of 54.5 nGy h(-1). The average annual effective doses outdoors, indoors and in total of Southern Vietnam are estimated to be 0.067, 0.374 and 0.441 mSv, respectively. The radium equivalent activity and the external hazard index of soil in Southern Vietnam are in the range 23.2-254.1 Bq kg(-1) and 0.06-0.69, respectively.

Natural Radioactivity Levels and Estimation of Radiation Exposure in Environmental Soil Samples from Tulkarem Province-Palestine

“…Therefore, the annual effective doses outdoors and indoors equivalent are calculated by using the relations [13,19]: …”

“…Soil from waste dump sites may contain naturally occurring radionuclides in significant amounts and the resulting external radiation exposure pathway to the population has been subjects for study [7]. Many studies worldwide have measured the activity concentration of natural radionuclides in soil to ascertain the levels of contamination [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) in Inorganic and Organic Oilfield Scales from the Middle East

“…To deduce indoor occupancy (i.e., human effective dose) and outdoor exposure to gamma rays, the E eff results should be multiplied by factors of 0.8 and 0.2 as adopted by the UNSCEAR (UNSCEAR 2000; Huy and Luyen 2006). The calculated values of D of the samples investigated showed five samples (S2, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S14) with higher absorbed dose rates of 377.7, 456.8, 331.8, 278.2, 308.7, and 302.7 nGy h -1 , respectively.…”

Measurement of activity concentration levels of radionuclides in soil samples collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine

“…[12][13][14][15]. The net count rates under the most prominent photopeaks of radionuclides' daughter peaks were calculated by subtracting the respective count rate from the background spectrum obtained for the same counting time.…”