“…PCS is a metal-polymer composite material prepared by using chrome-plated steel strip as the base material and polymer film as the covering material through a roll-pressing hot-melt film process. Commonly used polymer films are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), etc., among which food-grade PET is the most common material [ 12 , 13 ].…”
As food and beverages require more and more green and safe packaging products, the emergence of polymer coated steel (PCS) has been promoted. PCS is a layered composite strip made of metal and polymer. To probe the bonding mechanism of PCS micro-interface, the substrate tin-free steel (TFS) was physically characterized by SEM and XPS, and cladding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was simulated by first-principles methods of quantum mechanics (QM). We used COMPASS force field for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. XPS pointed out that the element composition of TFS surface coating is Cr(OH)3, Cr2O3 and CrO3. The calculation results of MD and QM indicate that the chromium oxide and PET molecules compound in the form of acid-base interaction. The binding energies of Cr2O3 (110), (200), and (211) with PET molecules are −13.07 eV, −2.74 eV, and −2.37 eV, respectively. We established a Cr2O3 (200) model with different hydroxyl concentrations. It is proposed that the oxygen atom in C=O in the PET molecule combines with –OH on the surface of TFS to form a hydrogen bond. The binding energy of the PCS interface increases with the increase of the surface hydroxyl concentration of the TFS. It provides theoretical guidance and reference significance for the research on the bonding mechanism of PCS.
“…PCS is a metal-polymer composite material prepared by using chrome-plated steel strip as the base material and polymer film as the covering material through a roll-pressing hot-melt film process. Commonly used polymer films are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), etc., among which food-grade PET is the most common material [ 12 , 13 ].…”
As food and beverages require more and more green and safe packaging products, the emergence of polymer coated steel (PCS) has been promoted. PCS is a layered composite strip made of metal and polymer. To probe the bonding mechanism of PCS micro-interface, the substrate tin-free steel (TFS) was physically characterized by SEM and XPS, and cladding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was simulated by first-principles methods of quantum mechanics (QM). We used COMPASS force field for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. XPS pointed out that the element composition of TFS surface coating is Cr(OH)3, Cr2O3 and CrO3. The calculation results of MD and QM indicate that the chromium oxide and PET molecules compound in the form of acid-base interaction. The binding energies of Cr2O3 (110), (200), and (211) with PET molecules are −13.07 eV, −2.74 eV, and −2.37 eV, respectively. We established a Cr2O3 (200) model with different hydroxyl concentrations. It is proposed that the oxygen atom in C=O in the PET molecule combines with –OH on the surface of TFS to form a hydrogen bond. The binding energy of the PCS interface increases with the increase of the surface hydroxyl concentration of the TFS. It provides theoretical guidance and reference significance for the research on the bonding mechanism of PCS.
“…tin free steel) are commonly used as the cladding and substrate of polymer coated steel, respectively. 10,11 Figure 1 shows the common structure and dimensions of polymer coated steel.Figure 1.The common structure and dimensions of polymer coated steel.…”
The effect of surface roughness of electroplating chromium coated steel on bonding strength of polymer coated steel has been investigated in this paper. The experimental results have shown that the electroplating chromium coated steel with different surface roughness could be obtained through the substrate surface treatment before the electroplating process. The peeling test results have shown that the peeling force of the polymer coated steel would increase with the increase of surface roughness of the electroplating chromium coated steel, but the increase rate would become slow gradually. With the increase of surface roughness of electroplating chromium coated steel, the PET film would be damaged locally and some polymer residues would remain on the electroplating chromium coated steel; when the bonding force is large enough, the plating shedding would occur on the electroplating chromium coated steel. With the appearance of the polymer residues and the occurrence of plating shedding, the failure mode of polymer coated steel would transform from adhesion failure mode to the mixed failure mode.
“…Since the PCS material was born in Japan in the 1990s, it has a development history of about 30 years. At present, the research on PCS materials in the world mainly focuses on the PCS coating process [9][10][11], coating quality characterization [12][13][14], heat transfer during the coating process [15], PCS heat treatment [16,17], PCS application [18,19], film surface modification [20][21][22] and so on. Komai [23] used cathodic electrolysis to prepare tin-free steel (TFS) with water and oxidation layers on the surface.…”
Polymer-coated steel (PCS) is a new type of metal packaging material under development, which has better performance in saving resources, energy, and environmental protection. The lamination process has an important influence on the bonding quality of the PCS interface. PCS samples under different lamination temperatures and lamination speeds were prepared through experiments. A binding rate is defined to represent the real bonding area of the PCS interface. The micro-scratch tester and scanner are used to study the influence of the lamination process on the bonding rate and bonding strength of the PCS interface. It is proposed that the bonding rate and bonding strength of the PCS interface increases with the increase of lamination temperature and increases with the decrease of lamination speed. The PCS interface bonding rate and bonding strength are positively correlated. SEM and DSC experiments revealed the cause of bubbles on the PCS surface. It is proposed that controlling the uniformity of the TFS surface temperature can reduce the quality defects of PCS surface bubbles. Relevant research results bring guiding significance for the formation of enterprises.
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