Study on Estimation of Driver’s State During Automatic Driving Using Seat Pressure

Okabe, Kenta; Watanuki, Keiichi; Kaede, Kazunori; Muramatsu, Keiichi

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73888-8_7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Sensing of various force types, such as pressure [1][2][3][4][5], shear [4,[6][7][8], strain [9][10][11][12], torsion [2,3,13,14], and bending [2,3,15,16], is a fundamental building block of a multitude of advanced applications, including wearable devices [1,2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], human-computer interactions (HMI) [28][29][30][31][32][33], automatic industries, and automatic driving [34,35]. With the increasing demand for these industries, there is dramatic need for devices that sense various force types in one sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Mechanical Stimuli Detectable Sensors, Their Future, and Challenges: A Review

Zhu

Kim

Jeong

2023

Sensors

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By virtue of their wide applications in transportation, healthcare, smart home, and security, development of sensors detecting mechanical stimuli, which are many force types (pressure, shear, bending, tensile, and flexure) is an attractive research direction for promoting the advancement of science and technology. Sensing capabilities of various force types based on structural design, which combine unique structure and materials, have emerged as a highly promising field due to their various industrial applications in wearable devices, artificial skin, and Internet of Things (IoT). In this review, we focus on various sensors detecting one or two mechanical stimuli and their structure, materials, and applications. In addition, for multiforce sensing, sensing mechanism are discussed regarding responses in external stimuli such as piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and capacitance phenomena. Lastly, the prospects and challenges of sensors for multiforce sensing are discussed and summarized, along with research that has emerged.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Mechanical Stimuli Detectable Sensors, Their Future, and Challenges: A Review

Zhu

Kim

Jeong

2023

Sensors

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“…In order to contribute to the literature, driver positions and postures or comfort angles in different company applications have been investigated. When the literature is examined, the use of the seat while driving and its ergonomic design, which are one of the three most important points in driver seat design as a vehicle interior trim part, have attracted the attention of many researchers (Jiang et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021;Ding et al, 2017;Okabe, 2018;Vergnano & Leali, 2018). The differences or similarities in the ergonomic sitting posture based on the driver's position and ergonomics of use, driving and usage comfort angles designed by the 6 rival companies in the research will reveal topographic optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Stage of Automotive Concept Design; Driver Positions (H-Point)

Paker¹

2022

ADR

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For drivers with different anatomical features in the use of vehicles, the seating position includes many important variable parameters from safety to comfort, from cost to customer preferences, from vehicle class to vehicle entry-exit. In addition, the driver's height from the ground or the driver's standing position (H-Point), which is included in the initial decisions of the automotive concept design stages, constitutes the anatomy and structure of the vehicle, together with many ergonomic setups from vehicle class to vehicle weight, from view to wind resistance. Taking part in the initial decisions of the automotive concept design stages; driver's ground clearance or driver's standing position (H-Point): from vehicle class to vehicle weight, from visibility to wind resistance along with many ergonomic installations, it creates the vehicle anatomy and structure. Therefore, within the discipline of automotive design, the vehicle structure and character are determined by the driver's position, the h-point (the driver's seat height from the ground and the seat angle). In the automotive concept design flow, ergonomic decision and analysis methods determine the vehicle design process and the structural proportion of the vehicle, as well as direct the vehicle analysis and studies. The ergonomic decision in question creates important relations that increase efficiency in the structural model of the vehicle, together with the problems that affect the resource use of the entire new product development process, the project structure and time. Ergonomics science due to increasing interdisciplinary efficiency, has become a common field of study for many disciplines such as anatomy, medicine, psychology and physiology, especially industrial design, automotive concept design, industrial design engineering. Therefore, the angle of view, the steering wheel diameter or the ergonomics of use of the instrument panel functions, which are affected by the driver's position in the research results, constitute the safety elements in vehicle driving. The automotive industry is one of the areas where ergonomic designs are most needed. In addition to affecting safe driving, non-ergonomic vehicle de-How to cite this paper: Paker, F. A.

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“…Another noninvasive alternative or complementary approach is to detect the driver’s posture using pressure sensors embedded into driver seat. This technique has been explored by a few researchers in the field of automotive safety in an attempt to detect the driver’s state, seating position, or foot behavior [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. However, the methods proposed by these pilot studies were not well validated on new drivers [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Driver Posture Monitoring Using Pressure Sensors with Lower Resolution

Zhao

Beurier

Wang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Pressure sensors are good candidates for measuring driver postural information, which is indicative for identifying driver’s intention and seating posture. However, monitoring systems based on pressure sensors must overcome the price barriers in order to be practically feasible. This study, therefore, was dedicated to explore the possibility of using pressure sensors with lower resolution for driver posture monitoring. We proposed pressure features including center of pressure, contact area proportion, and pressure ratios to recognize five typical trunk postures, two typical left foot postures, and three typical right foot postures. The features from lower-resolution mapping were compared with those from high-resolution Xsensor pressure mats on the backrest and seat pan. We applied five different supervised machine-learning techniques to recognize the postures of each body part and used leave-one-out cross-validation to evaluate their performance. A uniform sampling method was used to reduce number of pressure sensors, and five new layouts were tested by using the best classifier. Results showed that the random forest classifier outperformed the other classifiers with an average classification accuracy of 86% using the original pressure mats and 85% when only 8% of the pressure sensors were available. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using fewer pressure sensors for driver posture monitoring and suggests research directions for better sensor designs.

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Study on Estimation of Driver’s State During Automatic Driving Using Seat Pressure

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Recent Development of Mechanical Stimuli Detectable Sensors, Their Future, and Challenges: A Review

Recent Development of Mechanical Stimuli Detectable Sensors, Their Future, and Challenges: A Review

First Stage of Automotive Concept Design; Driver Positions (H-Point)

Exploration of Driver Posture Monitoring Using Pressure Sensors with Lower Resolution

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