Study on Dispersion of Cement Grout in Sand considering Filtration Effect through the EDTA Titration Test

Li, Daimao; Li, Xuhui; Hu, Yu; Zhang, Sizhan; Mei, Chao; Wu, Hao; Sun, Xiaohui; Fu, Yiming

doi:10.1155/2020/6620979

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The diffusion pattern of grout in soil and rock masses is influenced by various factors [6,7], such as grout properties, grouting techniques, and soil and rock parameters. Grouting construction often encounters different soil and rock conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Relationship between Time-Varying Uplift Displacement and Grout Diffusion in Sand

Hu,

Cao,

Deng

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Traditional model tests for soil and rock materials face challenges in observing the slurry diffusion within the soil mass, hindering the understanding of the relationship between grouting-induced ground deformation and grout diffusion. This study conducts grouting diffusion model tests using a self-developed experimental setup on both ordinary and transparent sand. We investigate cement slurry diffusion patterns, distribution characteristics, and temporal variations in ground uplift displacement during the grouting process. By leveraging a visualization grouting model and non-intrusive displacement measurements, we directly observe and verify the changes in cement slurry diffusion and ground displacement in transparent sand. The results indicate the following: during non-steady grouting in sand, slurry diffusion progresses from low-pressure infiltration to medium-pressure compaction, culminating in high-pressure fracturing; ground uplift displacement curves exhibit a consistent “step-like” increase with grouting time, featuring accelerated growth after each step; and visualization tests reveal a strong correlation between grouting pressure, slurry diffusion, and corresponding uplift displacement. Distinct features in the grouting pressure plot align with the acceleration phases of the displacement; at a water–cement ratio (w/c) of 0.8, the stratum’s vertical deformation shows a symmetric “higher in the middle, lower on the sides” distribution. As the burial depth decreases, the stratum’s uplift displacement tends to flatten horizontally, especially at w/c = 0.8 and 1.2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Relationship between Time-Varying Uplift Displacement and Grout Diffusion in Sand

Hu,

Cao,

Deng

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Mechanism of Filtration Behaviors of Cement-Based Grout in Saturated Sand under Different Grouting Conditions

Cao

Zhu

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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Cement-based grout has been widely used in various civil engineering applications. However, the filtration behaviors of it when grouting the porous geological masses vary a lot under different grouting conditions, which significantly influences its penetration and the enhancement effect. The purpose of this work was to better understand the filtration of cement-based grout in porous sand by conducting a series of visualized laboratory tests and EDTA titration tests. The experimental results show that the cement filtration, including the penetration, retention, and formation of cement filter cake above the grouting body, is collectively influenced by different grouting factors. With the increase of the soil samples’ pore size and the cement slurry’s water-cement ratio, the penetrated distance and amount of cement in sand increase. However, the penetration does not increase monotonically with the grouting pressure. Too excessive grouting pressure (e.g., 300 kPa in this study) accelerates the formation of cement filter cake and thus stops the subsequent cement infiltration. The mechanisms of different filtration behaviors were explained from microscopic particle clogging in the pore throat of the porous media. Furthermore, the reduced permeability of the sand column with the retained cement due to filtration was discussed, and the dewatering phenomenon of the cement slurry after filter cake formation was first revealed.

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Low-Energy Clay–Cement Slurries Find Application as Waterproofing Membranes for Limiting the Migration of Contaminants—Case Studies in Poland

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this review was to present clay–cement suspensions that are mainly used in the construction and renovation of hydrotechnical facilities and flood protection. We present the characteristics of clay–cement slurries that are used in waterproofing barriers. One of their significant components are clays of different types and origins. Examples of kaolin-type and smectite-type clays, which are associated minerals, as balanced components of suspensions are presented. As mentioned, before the hydration process, barriers are suspended, and the main test methods are rheometric measurements. Their rheological parameters, extremely important from the point of view of injection mechanics, are shown. The higher the flow limit and faster the reconstruction of thixotropic structures, the higher the energy input of the injection processes. After the hydration process, it is important to form agglomerates and seal the barrier; therefore, we present a summary of the strength results, filtration coefficients and microscopic images of the resulting structures. Additional properties of such barriers in terms of limiting contaminant migration are indicated. One of the aspects affecting the use of liquid slurries is their application methods; thus, a summary of low-energy slurry injection methods is also presented.

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Study on Dispersion of Cement Grout in Sand considering Filtration Effect through the EDTA Titration Test

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental Study on the Relationship between Time-Varying Uplift Displacement and Grout Diffusion in Sand

Experimental Study on the Relationship between Time-Varying Uplift Displacement and Grout Diffusion in Sand

Mechanism of Filtration Behaviors of Cement-Based Grout in Saturated Sand under Different Grouting Conditions

Low-Energy Clay–Cement Slurries Find Application as Waterproofing Membranes for Limiting the Migration of Contaminants—Case Studies in Poland

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