Study on Development of Novel Biopesticides Using Entomopathogenic Bacterial Culture Broth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus

Seo, Sam-Yeol; Kim, Yonggyun

doi:10.5656/ksae.2010.49.3.241

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An organic extract of P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broth contains PLA 2 -inhibitory factor(s) (34). These studies suggest a possibility of additional identification of PLA 2 -inhibitory compounds originating from these bacterial culture broths.…”

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confidence: 96%

Phospholipase A ₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Seo

Lee

Hong

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

105

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bThe entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata suppress insect immune responses by inhibiting the catalytic activity of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), which results in preventing biosynthesis of immune-mediating eicosanoids. This study identified PLA 2 inhibitors derived from culture broths of these two bacteria. Both X. nematophila and P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broths possessed significant PLA 2 -inhibitory activities. Fractionation of these bacterial metabolites in the culture broths using organic solvent and subsequent chromatography purified seven potent PLA 2 inhibitors, three of which (benzylideneacetone [BZA], proline-tyrosine [PY], and acetylated phenylalanine-glycine-valine [FGV]) were reported in a previous study. Four other compounds (indole, oxindole, cis-cyclo-PY, and p-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid) were identified and shown to significantly inhibit PLA 2 . X. nematophila culture broth contained these seven compounds, while P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broth contained three compounds (BZA, acetylated FGV, and cis-cyclo-PY). BZA was detected in the largest amount among these PLA 2 compounds in both bacterial culture broths. All seven bacterial metabolites also showed significant inhibitory activities against immune responses, such as phenoloxidase activity and hemocytic nodulation; BZA was the most potent. Finally, this study characterized these seven compounds for their insecticidal activities against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Even though these compounds showed relatively low toxicities to larvae, they significantly enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis. This study reports bacterial-origin PLA 2 inhibitors, which would be applicable for developing novel insecticides. Insect immune responses consist of innate cellular and humoral components (2). Upon pathogen infection, pattern recognition receptors recognize nonself and the recognition signal is transferred by immune mediators to effector tissues, such as hemocytes and fat body (7). Eicosanoids form a chemical group of oxygenated polyunsaturated C 20 fatty acids, which are derived from arachidonic acid, a catalytic product of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) on phospholipid (PL) substrate (3). Two types of eicosanoids, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are known to mediate the nonself recognition signals against various insect pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasitoid eggs in insects (38). Inhibition of PLA 2 prevents eicosanoid biosynthesis and suppresses immune responses in response to microbial pathogens (23, 37).Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata are insect pathogens that are symbiotic to the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis megidis, respectively (1, 13, 25). Infective juvenile-stage nematodes enter target insect hemocoel through natural openings (such as mouth, anus, and spiracles) and then release their symbiotic bacteria from the nematode intestine. The releas...

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confidence: 96%

Phospholipase A ₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Seo

Lee

Hong

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

105

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“…In the case of histopathological sections, in both S. frugiperda and Pl. xylostella, pathological features of both midgut epithelial cell disruption (a typical symptom caused by Bt) and cell vacuolation with increased vesicle formation (a typical symptom caused by Pl) were observed in the mixed treatments of Pl and Bt, confirming the occurrence of a synergistic effect [19,23,24,39,[41][42][43][44].…”

Section: The Synergistic Effect Of Photorhabdus Luminescens and Bacil...mentioning

confidence: 71%

Synergistic Insecticidal Effect of Photorhabdus luminescens and Bacillus thuringiensis against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Chang,

Hsieh,

2024

Agriculture

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Combining microbial products with different mechanisms of action can produce synergistic insecticidal effects and slow down the development of resistance. This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of mixtures containing the commercial Photorhabdus luminescens (Pl) strain ATCC 29,999, the local isolate Pl 2103-UV, and the commercial Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt) ABTS-351 against Spodoptera frugiperda. As the proportion of Bt increased in the mixtures, insecticidal activity increased, with the synergistic ratios reaching 1.98 for ATCC 29,999 and 5.29 for 2103-UV at a1:5 Pl:Bt ratio, representing approximately twofold and fivefold reductions, respectively, in the Bt dosage required for mortality. Hemolymph analysis revealed the highest Pl bacterial loads in the 1:5 treatments within the S. frugiperda hemocoel. Histopathology also showed exacerbated midgut vacuolation in the 1:5 ATCC 29,999:Bt treatment. Whole-genome analysis showed that 2103-UV produced more porins, potentially contributing to its higher insecticidal activity. This study demonstrated that Bt assists the invasion of Pl into the hemocoel and enhances synergistic insecticidal efficiency. The findings provide a reference for integrating Pl with other microbial products to sustainably manage significant and severe lepidopteran pests.

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“…이러한 면역억제 능력은 이들 세균류가 생합성하여 배양액으로 분비하는 것으로 유기용매 층 에 추출되었다 (Park et al, 2004;Seo and Kim, 2010). X. nematophila 또는 P. temperata temperata의 세균 배양액은 면 역 억제 능력을 갖고 비티와 혼합할 경우 대상 곤충의 살충력을 크게 높이는 것으로 보고되었다 (Seo and Kim, 2009, 2010 ('Xe') on pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis ('Bt') against last instar larvae. Xe was cultured at 28℃ for 48 h. The final culture broth ('Xe-C') contained 1.8 × 10 8 bacterial cells/mL.…”

Section: 반면에 체액성 면역반응은 주로 항생단백질에 의한 항균작용과unclassified

Enhanced Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Mixed with a Culture Broth of an Entomopathogenic Bacterium, Xenorhabdus sp.

Seo¹,

Ahn

Eom³

et al. 2012

Korean journal of applied entomology

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Study on Development of Novel Biopesticides Using Entomopathogenic Bacterial Culture Broth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Phospholipase A ₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Phospholipase A ₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Synergistic Insecticidal Effect of Photorhabdus luminescens and Bacillus thuringiensis against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Enhanced Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Mixed with a Culture Broth of an Entomopathogenic Bacterium, Xenorhabdus sp.

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Study on Development of Novel Biopesticides Using Entomopathogenic Bacterial Culture Broth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Phospholipase A 2 Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Phospholipase A 2 Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Synergistic Insecticidal Effect of Photorhabdus luminescens and Bacillus thuringiensis against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Enhanced Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Mixed with a Culture Broth of an Entomopathogenic Bacterium, Xenorhabdus sp.

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Phospholipase A ₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata

Phospholipase A ₂ Inhibitors Synthesized by Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata