Study on Demulsification-Flocculation Mechanism of Oil-Water Emulsion in Produced Water from Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding

Huang, Bin; Li, Xiaohui; Zhang, Wei; Fu, Cheng; Wang, Ying; Fu, Siqiang

doi:10.3390/polym11030395

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding intends to integrate a synergy of chemical mixtures, e.g., alkalis, surfactants, co-solvents, and polymers, in order to recover residual oil [1][2][3][4][5]: alkalis and surfactants mobilize residual oil and reduce the interfacial tension between the displacing phase and the oil; polymer slug enhances mobility ratios and volumetric sweep efficiencies. Successful ASP flooding can be achieved by designing an optimal ASP formula that is closely related to phase types, i.e., microemulsion, such as Winsor types I (II-), II (II+), and III, which formation salinity influences significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding under Low Salinity Environment

et al. 2020

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This paper presents an optimal design of alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding and an experimental analysis on the effects of ASP components under low formation salinity, where the assignment of salinity gradients and various phase types are limited. The phase behavior and coreflooding tests confirmed the ASP formula is optimal, i.e., 1 wt % sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the alkaline, 1:4 weight ratio for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) as a surfactant, 5 wt % diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE) as a co-solvent, and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) as a polymer. The salinity scan was used to determine that the optimum salinity was around 1.25 wt % NaCl and its solubilization ratio was favorable, i.e., approximately 21 mL/mL. The filtration ratio determines the polymer concentrations, i.e., 3000 or 3300 mg/L, with a reduced risk of plugging through pore throats. The coreflooding test confirmed the field applicability of the proposed ASP formula with an 86.2% recovery rate of residual oil after extensive waterflooding. The optimal design for ASP flooding successfully generated phase types through the modification of salinity and can be applicable to the low-salinity environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding under Low Salinity Environment

et al. 2020

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“…Polymers and surfactants are essential additives that have been frequently used in petroleum engineering [1][2][3][4], process intensification [5], mass transportation [6], sewage systems [7], drag delivery [8,9], etc. Within a polymer/surfactant mixture, macromolecule chains and surfactant micelles can chemically/physically interact to generate unique structures/phases such as swollen cages, bottlebrushes, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Interaction Enhanced Rheological Behavior in PAM/CTAC/Salt Aqueous Solution—A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Interfacial interactions within a multi-phase polymer solution play critical roles in processing control and mass transportation in chemical engineering. However, the understandings of these roles remain unexplored due to the complexity of the system. In this study, we used an efficient analytical method—a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation—to unveil the molecular interactions and rheology of a multiphase solution containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), polyacrylamide (PAM), and sodium salicylate (NaSal). The associated macroscopic rheological characteristics and shear viscosity of the polymer/surfactant solution were investigated, where the computational results agreed well with the experimental data. The relation between the characteristic time and shear rate was consistent with the power law. By simulating the shear viscosity of the polymer/surfactant solution, we found that the phase transition of micelles within the mixture led to a non-monotonic increase in the viscosity of the mixed solution with the increase in concentration of CTAC or PAM. We expect this optimized molecular dynamic approach to advance the current understanding on chemical–physical interactions within polymer/surfactant mixtures at the molecular level and enable emerging engineering solutions.

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“…During dairy processing, such as the preparation of emulsions in the field of cosmetics, the surfactants are used to accelerate the coalescence process [6]. During the ASP flooding process, the surfactants are added to improve the oil recovery efficiency [7]. In the research of Fortelný et al [8], theories of the flow-induced coalescence providing equations for collision efficiency were discussed, and approximate analytic expressions reliably describing the dependence of the collision efficiency on system parameters were presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Investigation on the Collision Behavior of Polymer Droplets

2020

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Binary droplet collisions are a key mechanism in powder coatings production, as well as in spray combustion, ink-jet printing, and other spray processes. The collision behavior of the droplets using Newtonian and polymer liquids is studied numerically by the coupled level-set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The deformation process, the internal flow fields, and the energy evolution of the droplets are discussed in detail. For binary polymer droplet collisions, compared with the Newtonian liquid, the maximum deformation is promoted. Due to the increased viscous dissipation, the colliding droplets coalesce more slowly. The stagnant flow region in the velocity field increases and the flow re-direction phenomenon is suppressed, so the polymer droplets coalesce permanently. As the surface tension of the polymer droplets decreases, the kinetic and the dissipated energy increases. The maximum deformation is promoted, and the coalescence speed of the droplets slows down. During the collision process, the dominant pressure inside the polymer droplets varies from positive pressure to negative pressure and then to positive pressure. At low surface tension, due to the non-synchronization in the movement of the interface front, the pressure is not smooth and distributes asymmetrically near the center of the droplets.

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Study on Demulsification-Flocculation Mechanism of Oil-Water Emulsion in Produced Water from Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Optimal Design of Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding under Low Salinity Environment

Optimal Design of Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding under Low Salinity Environment

Interfacial Interaction Enhanced Rheological Behavior in PAM/CTAC/Salt Aqueous Solution—A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study

A Numerical Investigation on the Collision Behavior of Polymer Droplets

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