Study on CO2 based thermal plasma torch and its effective utilization for material processing in atmospheric pressure

Pasupathi, Amarnath; Nandy, Nanditta; Indumathy, Balakrishnan; Yugeswaran, S.

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102290

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thermal plasma technology has shown several advantages compared to other conventional methods in the synthesis of HEO nanoparticles due to its high temperature (2000−20,000 K), high enthalpy (∼10 6 −10 8 J/kg), high energy density (∼10 6 −10 7 J/m 3 ), high heat flux density (∼10 7 −10 9 W/m 2 ), high quenching rate (∼10 6 −10 8 K/s), and high processing rate. 35 This method is a continuous process that involves evaporation, nucleation, and condensation. Thermal plasma has recently been used to synthesize metal, metal oxides, metal borides, metal nitrides, and metal alloy nanoparticles for a variety of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)₃O₄ via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Pasupathi

Madhu

Praveen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-entropy oxide (HEO) has recently emerged as a potential candidate material for electrochemical water splitting, with excellent activity and catalytic stability, as an alternative to the state-of-the-art oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst. The main characteristics of HEO are its unique structure and the ability to tune physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. On tuning these properties, it exhibits high thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. In this work, by utilizing a carbonaceous thermal plasma with Ar and CO2 as the major plasma-forming gases, a single-phase (NiFeMnCuZn)3O4 high-entropy oxide material has been produced at a discharge power of 12 kW for the first time. The as-synthesized powder was annealed at various temperatures (300, 350, and 400 °C) and characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools. The dynamic light scattering study showed that the as-synthesized powder had a single-phase spinel structure with an average particle size of ∼140 nm. The synthesized materials were subjected to electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction studies. The results show that HEO annealed at 350 °C has an excellent OER catalytic activity in 1 M KOH electrolyte, with an overpotential of 308 mV at a current density of 50 mA cm–2 and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec–1. Further, Operando-EIS analysis at different potentials evidences that HEO annealed at 350 °C shows less resistance toward the charge-transfer kinetics at the interface. This work provides insight into the rapid synthesis of phase-pure HEO electrocatalysts with excellent performance in energy-related applications.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)₃O₄ via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Pasupathi

Madhu

Praveen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of thermal plasma, the noncatalytic reactor operates at atmospheric pressure and an average temperature of at least 1500 °C. 56 Thermal plasma reactors have been used in the past at commercial scale for gasification of several feedstocks. 57 To avoid material failure, two refractory layers were implemented close to the plasma torch zone: an internal layer made by silicon carbide and an outer layer consisting of alumina.…”

Section: Approach and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Electrification of CO₂-Based Methanol Synthesis via a Reverse Water–Gas Shift: A Comparative Techno-Economic Assessment of Thermo-Catalytic and Plasma-Assisted Routes

Theofanidis,

Stergiou,

Delikonstantis

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A thorough cost analysis based on the conceptual process design of a two-step CO 2 -to-methanol synthesis route is performed, comprising CO 2 hydrogenation in an electrified reverse water−gas shift (RWGS) reactor, followed by a conventional methanol synthesis reactor. In the former step, both thermal and nonthermal plasma reactors are considered, i.e., direct current (DC) arc and microwave (MW) plasma, respectively, and benchmarked against the conventional thermo-catalytic counterpart. It is found that employment of any type of plasma promotes higher CO 2 conversions in the RWGS step than the conventional thermocatalytic reactors (82−90 vs 61%), thereby higher single-pass methanol yields (24− 27 vs 17%). This comes at the expense of higher electricity demand, which minorly affects the process economics since green H 2 utilized in RWGS and methanol synthesis is the cost driver. The economic analysis shows that the current green H 2 prices (2022 scenario) render the two-step CO 2 -to-methanol process economically unviable, regardless of the reactor technology used, attaining approximately a 4-fold higher levelized cost of methanol (LCOM), 1875−1900 €•ton −1 , compared to the state-of-the-art route, i.e., syngas production through steam methane reforming (SMR) and coal gasification, followed by WGS and methanol synthesis reactors. However, the two-step CO 2 -to-methanol route could be viable for a long term (2050 scenario), driven by lower costs of electricity (10 €•MW h −1 ) and green H 2 (1.0 €•kg −1 ) along with the avoided emission credits. This originates from the lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that the two-step CO 2 -to-methanol route attains compared with the state-of-the-art. In the 2050 frame, plasma technologies are anticipated to be at least 45% more profitable than thermo-catalytic reactors, while the profitability of nonthermal plasmas will significantly improve if vacuum operation is avoided, mitigating the excessive compression energy demand and subsequently decreasing the operating cost.

show abstract

“…In the boundary layer approximation, the inertia force is ignored in the radial momentum equation (5). In the energy balance equation (6), assuming that axial heat conduction is negligible, Joule heating is taken as the product of the current density and the axial component of the electric field. In addition, by assuming that the arc temperature is constant in the radial direction and the radial distribution of the axial velocity…”

Section: Arc Column Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, thermal plasmas are more commonly defined when Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) is achieved at some point of the arc, this means that the ADP presents a relatively high temperature (∼10 4 K). Therefore, it involves the conversion of electric energy to the thermal and kinetic energy of electrons and ions in plasma, the rapid collision of high-energy particles (molecules, atoms, ions and electrons), as well as the extremely high energy density and luminosity during the formation and evolution of ADP channel, thus ADP technology has gained strong attraction and competitiveness in the application fields mentioned above [6][7][8]. However, limited by reliability, repeatability and economy, it still faces serious challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on numerical simulation of arc discharge plasma process

Zhang,

Yuan,

Ding

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The arc discharge plasma (ADP) technology has been widely developed in the fields of cutting, welding, spraying and nanomaterials synthesis over the past 20 years. However, during the process of ADP, it is difficult to explain the generation and evolution of arc column, the interaction between arc column and electrodes, as well as the effect of plasma generator structure on the physical characteristics of ADP by experimental means. Therefore, numerical simulation has become an effective mean to explore the physical characteristics of ADP, but also faces severe challenges because it involves multiple physical field coupling, resolution of multiscale features as well as robustness in the presence of large gradients. From the point of view of the construction of ADP mathematical physical models and combined with the practical application of ADP, this paper systematically reviews the researches on physical properties of arc column, near-cathode region, near-anode region as well as the today’s state of the numerical simulation of plasma generators. It provides a good reference for further mastering the physical characteristics of plasma, guiding the industrial application of plasma and optimizing the design of plasma generators. Meanwhile, the relevant computational aspects are discussed and the challenges of plasma numerical simulation in the future are summarized.

show abstract

Study on CO2 based thermal plasma torch and its effective utilization for material processing in atmospheric pressure

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)₃O₄ via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)₃O₄ via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

On the Electrification of CO₂-Based Methanol Synthesis via a Reverse Water–Gas Shift: A Comparative Techno-Economic Assessment of Thermo-Catalytic and Plasma-Assisted Routes

Research progress on numerical simulation of arc discharge plasma process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study on CO2 based thermal plasma torch and its effective utilization for material processing in atmospheric pressure

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)3O4 via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)3O4 via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

On the Electrification of CO2-Based Methanol Synthesis via a Reverse Water–Gas Shift: A Comparative Techno-Economic Assessment of Thermo-Catalytic and Plasma-Assisted Routes

Research progress on numerical simulation of arc discharge plasma process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)₃O₄ via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Phase-Pure High-Entropy Spinel Oxide (Ni,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)₃O₄ via Thermal Plasma: A Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

On the Electrification of CO₂-Based Methanol Synthesis via a Reverse Water–Gas Shift: A Comparative Techno-Economic Assessment of Thermo-Catalytic and Plasma-Assisted Routes