Study on Chemical Composition of Urinary and Salivary Gland Stones in Relationship with Laboratory Parameters and Lifestyle Habits of Patients with Lithiasis

Abstract

Lithiasis is a disease with increasing incidence, may occur in the urinary tract, salivary glands and bile ducts. Genetic susceptibility, diet, low fluid intake, endocrine disorders, infections and other factors can influence the development of the disease and its recurrences. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between chemical composition of the stones, lifestyle and dietary habits and the results of laboratory analysis in patients with urinary tract and salivary gland lithiasis. The data of 258 patients with urinary tract and salivary gland lithiasis collected between September 2009 � May 2016 were studied. The subjects were from the Urology and Oral Surgery Hospital, and from the Marmed and Procardia medical units in Tirgu Mures. We evaluated the lifestyle habits using a questionnaire, microscopical examination, size measurement and chemical analysis of the stones were made and we processed the results of urinary strip analysis and sediment. In a subgroup of patients (48 samples) calciuria, phosphaturia, serum uric acid, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone (PTH) levels were determined; in case of pathological values calcitonin measurement and endocrinology consultation were performed. The most frequent composition was the combination of calcium oxalate and phosphate in case of both urinary and salivary gland stones, in several uroliths we detected uric acid/xanthine crystals, rarely cystine and carbonate were found. The incidence of hematuria and leukocyturia exceeded 70%. Excessive calcium intake was observed in the diet of the several patients having calcium oxalate stones. In the subgroup tested for biochemical and hormonal analyses we found increased serum PTH concentration in 20.83% of the patients. Some of the subjects had pathological serum calcium, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase results, or the elimination of minerals in the urine was out of the normal range. We found pathological laboratory results in several patients suffering from lithiasis. Proper diet and medical treatment in many cases could prevent the recurrences of stone formation, but first a complex investigation of the patients is necessary to adapt the treatment plan to individual requirements.

Hypokaliuria - a Neglected Variable in the Equation of Lithogenesis in Young Patients?

“…Nagy E.N. et al evaluated patients with lithiasis of the urinary tract and salivary gland, and after chemical analysis of the stones the authors found that the most encountered composition was the mixture of calcium oxalate and phosphate in cases where urinary and salivary gland stones were identified [8].…”

What is the impact of previous cholelithiasis on sialolithiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Lithiasis or stone formation also occurs in other parts of the body, such as the urinary system (nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) and biliary system (cholelithiasis). This condition has been on the rise globally, affecting approximately 5% of the population, with a higher incidence among males aged 30–50 ( Nagy et al, 2017 ).…”