Study on cellular adhesion of human osteoblasts on nano‐structured diamond films

Abstract

The need of new biocompatible materials with superior properties and flexibility in their surface termination and functionalization for medical applications is constantly increasing. Due to the combination of intrinsic properties, chemically deposited diamond thin films are proposed as one of the most promising material in this field. They are chemically/ mechanically/physically stable and their surface can be modified by a variety of chemical or plasmatic techniques. In the present work, different diamond nano-structures, i.e. nano-rods, ultra nano-cones and nano-cones, were prepared by plasma etching process by applying various masking materials (Ni, Au and diamond powder). The impact of these diamond nanostructures on the growth of human osteoblasts was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. We observed that adhesion of osteoblasts varied, depending upon the diamond nano-structure as visualized, 1 or 48 h after seeding. Many but very fine focal adhesions are formed on nano-rods; however, few but large ones are formed on ultra nano-cones and nano-cones. The cell adhesion was controlled by the nano-structuring, thereupon their usage in bio-medical applications is considered.

Investigation of residual stress in structured diamond films grown on silicon

“…The structured films are required for applications like protective layers on transistors [7] or advanced hybrid MEMS devices [8]. The micro-structured diamond films are also used for tissue engineering [9][10][11].…”

Nanocrystalline Diamond Films: Applications and Advances in Nanomedicine

“…The comparison of the behavior of different cell types on nanodiamond films shows that they react differently according to surface smoothness [55,57,60,68,77,78]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence staining examinations of osteoblast on nanodiamond films with various surface roughness (nanometer and micrometer) generally demonstrated that enhanced osteoblast functions (including adhesion, proliferation, www.intechopen.com intracellular protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular calcium deposition) on nanocrystalline diamond (RMS~20 nm) compared to submicron diamond grain size films and control for all time periods tested up to 21 days [57,60].…”

“…Numerous studies using immunefluorescent staining have shown the presence of vinculin and pY397 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in cultured human osteoblasts on nanostructured diamond films [60,78,79]. The osteoblasts adhered on ultra nano-cones and nano-cones, showing large focal adhesions and relatively strong activation of FAK, are thus more predestined for successful colonization of the entire environment [60,78]. Hamilton [90] suggested that osteoblast response to substrates with specific topographical features requires FAK-Y397-Src-Y416 complexes for ERK1/2 phosphorylation.…”

Tailoring morphologies of diamond thin films for neural stem cells culturing

“…The diamonds films structuring into form of nano-rods (Fig. 2c) was reported previously [23] and represent the morphology that stimulates cells differentiation [24].…”

“…In the case of fully oxidized NCD surfaces, only oxygen plasma treatment was involved to process the films [24,25].…”