Study on carbonization of lignin by TG-FTIR and high-temperature carbonization reactor

Cao, Jun; Xiao, Gang; Xu, Xiaoqing; Shen, Dekui; Jin, Baosheng

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.06.016

Cited by 186 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It was suggested that the chains of phenyl rings can be transformed into polycondensated aromatic rings. (Cao et al, 2013). Indeed, the peaks assigned to the cellulose C-H groups stretching in the 1500-1200 cm −1 region disappeared after carbonization for both charcoals as compared with the raw materials.…”

Section: Characterization Of Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, the band at about 3400 cm −1 of both charcoals ( Fig. 3c and d) corresponds to associated hydroxyl groups, which probably originate from the decomposition of phenolic hydroxyls (Cao et al, 2013). Both raw materials also displayed a small band in the region of 2923 cm −1 , typical of the stretching vibrations of the C-H bonds in hemicelluloses and cellulose (Elyounssi and Halim, 2014).…”

Section: Characterization Of Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Characterization and Evaluation of Charcoal Briquettes Using Banana Peel and Banana Bunch Waste for Household Heating

Mopoung¹,

Udeye²

2017

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The charcoal briquettes from banana peel and banana bunch wastes from dried banana industry for household heating were characterized and evaluated. A 200 L pyrolyzer was used for charcoal and wood vinegar production at 350°C pyrolysis temperature. The percent yield of charcoal and wood vinegar were determined. The effects of clay binder (0-15% w/w) on the properties of charcoal briquettes such as ash content, hardness, combustion calorific value, emissions data, burn time and combustion efficiency were evaluated. It was found that the percent yields of charcoal and wood vinegar from pyrolysis of banana peel and banana bunch are 57%, 7.53% and 58.6%, 6.76%, respectively. The banana bunch charcoal retained some functional groups to a higher degree than the banana peel charcoal. These include -OH, C = O, C = C, C-H and C-C groups. The porous shapes of banana peel charcoal and banana bunch charcoal are honeycomb and tube structure, respectively. The calorific value of both charcoal briquettes decreased with increasing ratios of clay and ash content. The values range from 5,115.51 to 6,396.66 cal g −1 . The hardness obtained with 5% clay binder is 23.31 kg and 25.90 kg for banana peel charcoal briquette and banana bunch charcoal briquette, respectively. Both charcoal briquettes containing 5% clay are smokeless during combustion and result in red-brown ash after combustion. The dust and total CO emissions of banana peel charcoal briquette and banana bunch charcoal briquette during combustion are 15.38 µg m −3 and 3463 ppm and 11.97 µg m −3 and 1568 ppm, respectively. The maximum temperatures of water are 88 and 84°C and times needed to reach the maximum temperatures were 36 and 48 min for banana peel charcoal briquette and banana bunch charcoal briquette combustion, respectively. The maximum burning times and combustion efficiencies are 114 min and 9.10% and 92 min and 8.38% for banana peel charcoal briquette and banana bunch charcoal briquette, respectively.

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Section: Characterization Of Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Characterization Of Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization and Evaluation of Charcoal Briquettes Using Banana Peel and Banana Bunch Waste for Household Heating

Mopoung¹,

Udeye²

2017

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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“…There is a low peak in DTG for charcoal, with a maximum volatile matter loss occurring at 730 °C. According to the literature, this peak could be related to the formation of amorphous carbon and the concentration of aromatic rings [28]. The major fraction of mass loss of Kraft-lignin occurs between 200 °C and 500 °C, the temperature of the maximum volatile matter loss being 372 °C.…”

Section: Main Characteristics Of the Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Therefore, the mass loss of the charcoal is low; only 12.47% of the charcoal mass is devolatilized in thermogravimetric experiment. There is a low peak in DTG for charcoal, with a maximum volatile matter loss occurring at 730 • C. According to the literature, this peak could be related to the formation of amorphous carbon and the concentration of aromatic rings [28]. The major fraction of mass loss of Kraft-lignin occurs between 200 • C and 500 • C, the temperature of the maximum volatile matter loss being 372 • C. The rate of the mass loss is considerably higher compared to coal and charcoal.…”

Section: Main Characteristics Of the Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Charcoal and Kraft-Lignin Addition on Coke Compression Strength and Reactivity

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of charcoal and Kraft-lignin additions on the structure, cold compression strength, and reactivity of bio-cokes produced at the laboratory scale. Bio-cokes were prepared by adding charcoal and Kraft-lignin (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 wt %) to medium-volatile coal and coking the mixture with controlled heating rate (3.5 • C/min) up to 1200 • C. In addition, four particle sizes of charcoal were added with a 5 wt % addition rate to investigate the effect of particle size on the compression strength and reactivity. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the pyrolysis behavior of coal and biomasses. Optical microscopy was used to investigate the interaction of coal and biomass components. It was found that by controlling the amount of charcoal and Kraft-lignin in the coal blend, the compression strength of the bio-cokes remains at an acceptable level compared to the reference coke without biomass addition. The cold compression strength of the charcoal bio-cokes was higher compared to Kraft-lignin bio-cokes. The reactivity of the bio-cokes with charcoal addition was markedly higher compared to reference coke and Kraft-lignin bio-cokes, mainly due to the differences in the physical properties of the parental biomass. By increasing the bulk density of the coal/biomass charge, the cold compression strength of the bio-cokes can be improved substantially.

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“…The absorption band at 1,000-1,300 cm -1 region is characteristic of stretching vibration C-O. It was assumed that, the formation of the C=O and C=C modes temporarily was caused by formation of H 2 O in a pyranose ring at the primary carbonization step because these modes does not exist in the original cellulose (Cao et al 2013).…”

Section: Characterization Of Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using silica derived from rice straw: comparison with activated charcoal

Sharaf

Hassan

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The batch removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution under different experimental conditions using alkali-leached silica and activated charcoal was investigated in this study. The copper(II) uptake was dependent on varying time, pH, copper concentration and temperature. Copper sorption was found fast reaching equilibrium within 1 h with better performance for alkalileached silica than charcoal. Copper sorption was low at low pH values and increased with rise in initial pH-value until 6.7. Sorption fits well the Langmuir and Freundlich equations with higher uptake by increasing temperature. According to Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by alkali-leached SiO 2 and charcoal was found to be 242.5 and 94.4 mmol/g at temperature 60°C and pH 6. Thermodynamic studies confirm that the process was spontaneous and endothermic nature. Kinetic data for Cu(II) sorption was found to follow pseudo-second-order model.

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Study on carbonization of lignin by TG-FTIR and high-temperature carbonization reactor

Cited by 186 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization and Evaluation of Charcoal Briquettes Using Banana Peel and Banana Bunch Waste for Household Heating

Characterization and Evaluation of Charcoal Briquettes Using Banana Peel and Banana Bunch Waste for Household Heating

Effect of Charcoal and Kraft-Lignin Addition on Coke Compression Strength and Reactivity

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using silica derived from rice straw: comparison with activated charcoal

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