Study on borate glass system containing with Bi2O3 and BaO for gamma-rays shielding materials: Comparison with PbO

Kaewkhao, J.; Pokaipisit, Artorn; Limsuwan, Pichet

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.12.020

Cited by 131 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The distance between the glass and the NaI(Tl) detector was 190 nm. An NaI(Tl) scintillation detector with 8% of energy resolution (at 662 keV) was used to detect the gamma-ray intensity [10]. Figure 1 Experimental setup for mass attenuation coefficient determination [11][12][13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pb-free Radiation Shielding Glass Using Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In this work, Pb-free shielding glass samples were prepared by the melt quenching technique using subbituminous fly ash (SFA) composed of xBi 2 O 3 : (60-x)B 2 O 3 : 10Na 2 O : 30SFA (where x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 by wt%). The samples were investigated for their physical and radiation shielding properties. The density and hardness were measured. The results showed that the density increased with the increase of Bi 2 O 3 content. The highest value of hardness was observed for glass sample with 30 wt% of Bi 2 O 3 concentration. The samples were investigated under 662 keV gamma ray and the results were compared with theoretical calculations. The values of the mass attenuation coefficient (µ m ), the atomic cross section (σ e ) and the effective atomic number (Z eff ) were found to increase with an increase of the Bi 2 O 3 concentration and were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The best results for the half-value layer (HVL) were observed in the sample with 35 wt% of Bi 2 O 3 concentration, better than the values of barite concrete. These results demonstrate the viability of using coal fly ash waste for radiation shielding glass without PbO in the glass matrices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pb-free Radiation Shielding Glass Using Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2015

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“…[129][130][131][132][133][134][135] Requirements for these glasses are in general similar to that for nonlinear optics: a HMO glass is needed for a good attenuation factor, but moderate concentrations of traditional network formers (B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 ) are allowed, facilitating fabrication of the thick parts needed for good shielding.…”

Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) lead 'crystal' glass 89 (ii) glasses for nuclear waste immobilisation 6,[95][96][97][98] (iii) leaded CRT tube glass 89 (iv) superconductor synthesis, bulk or film, via the glass-ceramic route 39,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105] (v) heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses with high refraction indices and far infrared (IR) transmission for optical devices and communications 36, (vi) HMO glasses for gamma radiation shielding [129][130][131][132][133][134][135] Main performance criteria…”

Section: Introduction Low Melting Glasses In Electronics and Other Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…253,315 Bi based oxide glasses are already making strong inroads in commercial architectural 33 and automotive overglazes, 48 as well as TF compositions (Table 5). Besides these lead free substitutes, Bi 2 O 3 based HMO glasses have found potential applications, partly together with PbO, in nuclear physics (scintillators, c-ray shielding windows), [129][130][131][132][133][134][135] optics, 36,[106][107][108][109][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] magnetic materials 316 and glass-ceramic+ semi/superconductors. [99][100][101][102] However, in spite of their significance, compositions based on Bi 2 O 3 have drawn only scant attention, if mentioned at all, in classical 'mainstream' reviews of glasses.…”

Section: Bismuth Glasses Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

146

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The present work critically reviews the scientific and patent literature on low melting bismuth based oxide glass frits in materials for electronics, sensors and related applications such as sealing glasses, solar cells, architectural and automotive glass, the main motivation being to replace lead based materials by environmentally more benign ones. Due to similar glass forming properties of Bi and Pb, Bi based glasses are the closest 'drop-in' alternative for lead bearing formulations, and are therefore actually replacing them in many applications, helped also by previous experience with Bi containing materials in thick film technology and component metallisations. The outstanding issues are discussed, e.g. matching the lowest processing temperatures achieved by the classical lead based glasses without sacrificing durability and stability, as well as stability versus chemical reduction. Finally, consideration is also given to special 'heavy' glasses (often containing Bi and Pb together) that are useful in fields such as optics, superconductors and nuclear technology, as well as to specific Bi 2 O 3 containing crystalline compounds.Keywords: Glasses, Bismuth, Bi 2 O 3 , Electronics, Optics, Thick film technology, Sensors Introduction Low melting glasses in electronics and other applicationsAs for ceramics, inorganic glasses, glass-ceramic and glaze materials have long gone beyond their traditional uses to address a wide array of modern technological challenges, Owing to performance and cost criteria, most standard glasses have relatively high softening points. However, there are many technological applications where a low softening temperature is required, in order to lower energy expenditure, avoid damaging devices in contact with the glass during processing or ensure compatibility with other materials:(i) hermetic sealing of packages, lamps, electrical feedthroughs and semiconductor devices 13,14,16,17,19,44,45 (ii) hermetic sealing and mechanical attachment of sensors 23,27 ( Fig. 1) (iii) encapsulation of semiconductor devices 29,30 (iv) overglazing of automotive, packaging and architectural glass 33,34,[46][47][48] (v) photovoltaic (PV) solar cell technology -conductors and contacts 42,43,[49][50][51][52][53] (vi) enamelling of aluminium in architecture and home appliances 35,[54][55][56][57][58] (vii) thick film (TF) electronics and other devices 21,22,24,25,27,59 (Fig. 1, the section on 'PbO in low melting frits and TF technology'); especially, special low firing compositions for fabrication of circuits and sensors on glass or metals. 1,28,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72] For these applications, glasses are often formulated as frits (e.g. finely divided powder), which may be applied, dispersed in a suitable medium, onto a substrate by various methods such as slip casting, screen printing, roller/curtain coating, spraying, dispensing and electrophoresis, or as preforms for sealing. Classically, the aforementioned applications have to a great extent used lead based glasses, which have a rather unique combinat...

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“…Although successfully obtained glasses with good properties, bismuth produced yellow color in glass which can found no use (or little use) as glass imitation gemstone. Bi 2 O 3 were also used for replacing PbO in radiation shielding glass materials [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Refractive Index Density and Hardness Of Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%