Study on Biocontrol of Phytophthora Citrophthora, the Causal Agent of Pistachio Gummosis

A Comparison of the Ability of Some Commercially Produced Biological Control Agents to Protect Strawberry Plants against the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora cactorum

“…In contrast to the otherwise rather beneficial influence of BCAs on the growth of plants, discussed above, was the already mentioned influence of Integral Pro, which negatively impacted plants in both the presence and absence of the pathogen despite frequently mentioned successful use of the active component of this BCA, i.e., Bacillus subtillis, and other members of this genus in plant protection [22,26,29,41].…”

“…Apart from the use of developed antiresistant strategies, which decrease the rate of resistance creation in the practical use of fungicides, other methods of plant protection are being tested, often based on live biological control agents (BCAs) or their metabolites. Among the organisms most used against various pathogens of the genus Phytophthora are fungi of the genus Trichoderma [18][19][20]; Aureobasidium pullulans (yeast fungus) [21]; bacterial species of the genus Bacillus, namely B. amylolyquefaciens, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, B. velezensis, B. licheniformis, and B. cereus [18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]; Pseudomonas, namely P. fluorescens and P. syringae [19,29]; Enterobacter cloacae; and Serratia ficaria [30]. In addition, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of genera Glomus and Claroideoglomus was successfully tested against P. cactorum [31].…”

“…But the effect of this species on plant growth is described as both stimulating [35] and damaging [36]; some isolates were acquired from necrosis on Pinus ponderosa needles [37], the roots of Pinus radiata are protected against Fusarium circinatum by this fungus [38], and this species is also known as a mycoparasite, entomo-and nemato-pathogen [39,40]. A similarly ambiguous example is the use of the bacterial species Bacillus subtillis and other members of this genus, which has often been successfully used as a protection against plant pathogens, causing damage to their hyphae through hydrolytic enzymes [22,26,29,41]. In another case, the stimulating effect on plant growth caused by the production of indole acid was recorded [27].…”

Nanocomposites in agriculture as pesticides for plant protection: a review

“…Fungal infections damage fruit and vegetable harvests and cause significant disease and agricultural loss [2,4]. Although various antifungal agrochemicals are employed in combating pathogens, concerns about the spread of fungus resistance and other adverse effects persist.…”

“…Synthetic pesticides have long been the dominant methods for controlling plant diseases, but their effectiveness is often limited by factors such as pathogen resistance, environmental concerns, and potential harm to human health. There is an urgent need for innovative and sustainable approaches to crop protection [3,4]. Development of sustainable agriculture using pest, disease control and use of new agricultural techniques can create strength in this area.…”