Study on acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin) changes and their diagnostic values in bovine tropical theileriosis

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the pattern of changes and the relative value of acute phase proteins (haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen) in bovine tropical theileriosis. The diseased group comprised 50 dairy Holstein cattle, 2-3 years old, naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Infected animals were divided into four subgroups with different parasitemia rates (<1%, 1-3%, 3-5%, >5%). As a control group, 20 uninfected cattle were also sampled. Blood samples were collected and all measurements were done using validated methods. There were significant differences in red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and concentrations of Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen between healthy cattle and those infected with T. annulata with different parasitemia rates (P < 0.05). As the parasitemia rate increased in infected cattle, a significant decrease was observed in RBCs, PCV, and Hb. In contrast, with increase in the parasitemia rate, a significant increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen was evident. The optimal cut-off point was set by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method to >5.68 microg/ml for SAA, >0.16 g/l for Hp, >0.064 g/l for ceruloplasmin and >4.00 g/l for fibrinogen with corresponding 84% sensitivity and 100% specificity for SAA, 76% sensitivity and 100% specificity for Hp, 84% sensitivity and 80% specificity for ceruloplasmin and 40% sensitivity and 100% specificity for fibrinogen. SAA had the highest sensitivity and specificity and was diagnosed to be a suitable indicator of APPs changes in bovine theileriosis.

Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin concentrations in cattle with suspicion of coryza gangrenosa bovum

“…In this study, serum hp, Saa and Cp concentrations were determined in the animals in the control group (table 2) while these values were seen to be within the scope of the limits indicated for healthy cattle by other researchers (AKALIN et al, 2015;AYTEKIN et al, 2016;BASBUG et al, 2016;CHAN et al, 2004;ECKERSALL and CONNER, 1988;HUSSEIN et al, 2012;NAZIFI et al, 2009;NISBET et al, 2008;SKINNER, 2001;ULUTAS et al, 2011).…”

“…It was determined in the cattle in the control group that clinical examination findings (SUNDERMAN and NOMOTO, 1970) and aPP concentrations (AYTEKIN et al, 2016;BASBUG et al, 2016;ECKERSALL and CONNER, 1988;HUSSEIN et al, 2012;NAZIFI et al, 2009;NISBET et al, 2008;SKINNER and ROBERTS., 1991;ULUTAS et al, 2011) were within the indicated physiological limits.…”

“…It was reported by HUSSEIN et al (2012) that the serum Cp concentration reference values were between 8.8-33.4 mg/dL. In some studies, on the other hand, Cp levels were determined as 1.98 mg/dL by BASBUG et al (2016), as 4.37 by AYTEKIN et al (2016), as 5.6 by NISBet et al (2008), as 6 by NAZIFI et al (2009) Increased levels of aPPs found in infection conditions have been shown to change in accordance with the type, severity and course of infection in a variety of experimental and natural bacterial and viral diseases (AYTEKIN et al, 2016;BASBUG et al, 2016; M. Issi et al: haptoglobin, serum amyloid a and ceruloplasmin concentrations in cattle with suspicion of coryza gangrenosa bovum ECKERSALL et al, 2006;GANHEIM et al, 2003;HOFNER et al, 1994;STENFELDT et al, 2011;ULUTAS et al, 2011).…”

“…they may particularly be used in the early diagnosis and distinctive diagnosis of diseases, determination of prognosis, direction of treatments of diseased animals and determination of therapy efficiency, differentiation of viral and bacterial infections, distinction of clinic and sub-clinic diseases, identification of acute or chronic events, animal health screenings and control of herd health (ALSEMGEEST et al, 1994;ECKERSALL et al, 2006;GOKCE and BOZUKLUHAN, 2009;GRUYS et al, 1994;HORADAGODA et al, 1999;SKINNER, 2001;ULUTAS et al, 2011). as blood concentrations and the diagnostic importance of aPPs with clinical importance change in accordance with animal species, they should be evaluated separately for each animal species (eCkerSaLL, 2000;eCkerSaLL and BeLL, 2010;eCkerSaLL and CONNER, 1988;ECKERSALL et al, 2006;GOKCE and BOZUKLUHAN, 2009). the acute phase proteins enabling the best assessment of the health status of cattle are hp (except for hemolytic cases), Saa and Cp (BASBUG and GUL, 2011;ECKERSALL and BELL, 2010;GRUYS et al, 1994;HORADAGODA et al, 1999;PETERSEN et al, 2004;SKINNER, 2001). hp is absent or barely exists (<0.1 mg/mL) in the blood serum of healthy cattle (AYTEKIN et al, 2016;BASBUG et al, 2016;ECKERSALL and CONNER, 1988;NAZIFI et al, 2009;SkINNer and rOBertS, 1991). the serum concentration of Saa in healthy cattle is reported as <24 µg/mL (GOKCE and BOZUKLUHAN, 2009;NAZIFI et al, 2009;ULUTAS et al, 2011).…”

“…the acute phase proteins enabling the best assessment of the health status of cattle are hp (except for hemolytic cases), Saa and Cp (BASBUG and GUL, 2011;ECKERSALL and BELL, 2010;GRUYS et al, 1994;HORADAGODA et al, 1999;PETERSEN et al, 2004;SKINNER, 2001). hp is absent or barely exists (<0.1 mg/mL) in the blood serum of healthy cattle (AYTEKIN et al, 2016;BASBUG et al, 2016;ECKERSALL and CONNER, 1988;NAZIFI et al, 2009;SkINNer and rOBertS, 1991). the serum concentration of Saa in healthy cattle is reported as <24 µg/mL (GOKCE and BOZUKLUHAN, 2009;NAZIFI et al, 2009;ULUTAS et al, 2011). It was reported by HUSSEIN et al (2012) that the serum Cp concentration reference values were between 8.8-33.4 mg/dL.…”