Study of Viral Photoinactivation by UV-C Light and Photosensitizer Using a Pseudotyped Model

Sadraeian, Mohammad; Pinto, Fabio Francisco; Miranda, Marcela; Galinskas, Juliana; Fernandes, R.S.; Cruz, Edgar Ferreira da; Fu, Libing; Zhang, Le; Diaz, Ricardo Sobhie; Cabral-Miranda, Gustavo; Guimarães, Francisco Eduardo Gontijo

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14030683

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Sadraeian el al. [ 18 ] examined the titer of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped model after UV irradiation at 254 nm using Luciferase and qPCR molecular assay. In this study, spike pseudotyped lentivirus was used instead of actual (authentic) virus.…”

Section: Ionizing Radiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral inactivation by light

Sadraeian

Zhang

Aavani

et al. 2022

eLight

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Nowadays, viral infections are one of the greatest challenges for medical sciences and human society. While antiviral compounds and chemical inactivation remain inadequate, physical approaches based on irradiation provide new potentials for prevention and treatment of viral infections, without the risk of drug resistance and other unwanted side effects. Light across the electromagnetic spectrum can inactivate the virions using ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. This review highlights the anti-viral utility of radiant methods from the aspects of ionizing radiation, including high energy ultraviolet, gamma ray, X-ray, and neutron, and non-ionizing photo-inactivation, including lasers and blue light.

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Section: Ionizing Radiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral inactivation by light

Sadraeian

Zhang

Aavani

et al. 2022

eLight

Self Cite

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“…We employed a pseudovirus as model packaging with the attachment and fusion S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. The pseudovirus has been widely used in research due to its safety and the same envelope glycoprotein, and its inactivation results were highly consistent with wild-type viruses. − Two reporter genes, luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP), were labeled to exhibit virus replication. As shown in Figure E, the expression of luciferase protein in the dark group was close to that of the virus-only group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses Using a Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Method

Zhang,

Kuang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Enveloped viruses pose a critical health threat to human beings. Photodynamic inactivation shows promise but requires a relatively long time of irradiation or a high power intensity. Meanwhile, the unclear role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inactivation hampers the development of effective antivirus equipment. Here, we present that protoporphyrin IX-loaded silica nanoparticles show high efficiency in inactivating enveloped viruses. Representative enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, and pseudoviruses SARS-CoV-2, were almost fully inactivated under <16 min of irradiation of a halogen tungsten lamp. By a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique, we found that the viruses lost their ability to bind cells after the photoinactivation. The mechanistic study further showed that the nanoparticle-based photodynamic effect disrupted the receptor-binding proteins on the envelope rather than destroying the whole virus structure by ROS. Our results suggest a highly efficient approach to disinfecting enveloped viruses and may shed light on designing photodynamic materials for breaking spreading chains in epidemics.

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“…Most of these reports focus on the use of methylene blue or curcumin, requiring blue light for activation, which may pose significant risks and does not penetrate into deeper tissues. Often, surrogates (like Phage Phi6 [42] or HIV-based pseudotyped models [43], lentiviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike [44], murine hepatitis virus [38], alphacoronavirus HCoV-229E or the betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43 [44]) were used instead of SARS-CoV-2 isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Antiviral Treatment Effects In Vitro

Ziganshyna

Szczepankiewicz

Kuehnert

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Despite available vaccines, antibodies and antiviral agents, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic still continues to cause severe disease and death. Current treatment options are limited, and emerging new mutations are a challenge. Thus, novel treatments and measures for prevention of viral infections are urgently required. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a potential treatment for infections by a broad variety of critical pathogens, including viruses. We explored the infectiousness of clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Vero cell cultures after PDI-treatment, using the photosensitizer Tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS) and near-infrared light. Replication of viral RNA (qPCR), viral cytopathic effects (microscopy) and mitochondrial activity were assessed. PDI of virus suspension with 1 µM THPTS before infection resulted in a reduction of detectable viral RNA by 3 log levels at day 3 and 6 after infection to similar levels as in previously heat-inactivated virions (<99.9%; p < 0.05). Mitochondrial activity, which was significantly reduced by viral infection, was markedly increased by PDI to levels similar to uninfected cell cultures. When applying THPTS-based PDI after infection, a single treatment had a virus load-reducing effect only at a higher concentration (3 µM) and reduced cell viability in terms of PDI-induced toxicity. Repeated PDI with 0.3 µM THPTS every 4 h for 3 d after infection reduced the viral load by more than 99.9% (p < 0.05), while cell viability was maintained. Our data demonstrate that THPTS-based antiviral PDI might constitute a promising approach for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. Further testing will demonstrate if THPTS is also suitable to reduce the viral load in vivo.

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Study of Viral Photoinactivation by UV-C Light and Photosensitizer Using a Pseudotyped Model

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Viral inactivation by light

Viral inactivation by light

Efficient Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses Using a Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Method

Photodynamic Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Antiviral Treatment Effects In Vitro

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