Study of Vehicle Speeds on a Major Highway in Ghana: Implication for monitoring and control

Derry, James Damsere; Afukaar, Francis; Donkor, Peter; Mock, Charles

doi:10.1080/15389580601100944

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Built-up areas were associated with crash sites, a results consistent with previous findings of a noncomparative study from Ghana, where a significant proportion of intercity crashes occurred at the peripheries of the cities or when the highway passed near small towns (Afukaar, 2003). Likely explanations could be the presence of vulnerable road users (Mohan, 2002), excessive speed (Afukaar, 2003;Derry, Afukaar, Donkor, & Mock, 2007) and inadequate indications along the intercity road sections (Mohan, 2002). In our study, 29% of crashes that occurred in built-up areas involved one or more pedestrians, versus only 13% in rural crashes.…”

Section: Sources Of Errors In Estimatessupporting

confidence: 84%

Situational factors associated with road traffic crashes: A case–control study on the Yaoundé–Douala road section, Cameroon

Bhatti

Sobngwi-Tambekou

Lagarde

et al. 2010

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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Our aim was to identify situational factors associated with road traffic crash sites on a heavy traffic 243 km road section in Cameroon. We conducted a case-control study on Yaounde-Douala road section. Cases were sites where an injury crash was reported to one of the 13 police stations on this road section over a period from 2004 to 2007. Control sites were randomly selected on same road section where no crash was reported. A total of 474 crash sites and 509 control sites were included. Results showed statistically significant associations with injury crash risk for flat road profile (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-2.01), irregular road surface conditions (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.04-1.99), roadside obstacle situated less than 4 m from the road edge (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.09-3.63), three-legged intersections (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.15-8.39) and four-legged intersections (aOR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.15-6.92). Built-up areas were significantly associated with injury crash sites where verge depth was 0 m (aOR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.97-2.77). Our results suggest that traffic calming and speed enforcement measures in built-up areas, intersections and on flat sections of this road should be strongly encouraged.

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Section: Sources Of Errors In Estimatessupporting

confidence: 84%

Situational factors associated with road traffic crashes: A case–control study on the Yaoundé–Douala road section, Cameroon

Bhatti

Sobngwi-Tambekou

Lagarde

et al. 2010

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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“…The methods have been described in detail in a prior report on a pilot study of two of the 15 sites, (Derry, Afukaar, Donkor & Mock, 2007). They are summarised herein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of vehicle speeds on different categories of roadways in Ghana

Damsere-Derry

Afukaar

Donkor³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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Empirical evidence from road safety literature suggests that vehicular speed is an important risk factor in the incidence and severity of road traffic crashes globally. Speed studies are at rudimentary stages in developing countries, thus making vehicular speed research imperative. The main aim of the study was to establish two major speed parameters, namely, the mean and dispersion, and their implications for more extensive and long-term speed monitoring in Ghana. Research workers stationed themselves in a parked car and used a radar gun to unobtrusively measure the travelling speeds of 28,489 vehicles at 15 different inter-urban locations on three highway categories. Excessive speeding is very pervasive on all highway categories in Ghana. Travelling speeds through settlements where a speed limit of 50 km/hour is mandatory were particularly excessive. Generally, 98%, 90% and 97% of vehicles exceeded the posted speed limit of 50 km/hour on national, inter-regional and regional roads respectively. Mean speeds and speed dispersions (as assessed by the standard deviations) through built-up areas were 81.3 +/- 17.3 km/hour on national roads, 64.7 +/- 12.3 km/hour on inter-regional roads and 72.6 +/- 13.4, km/hour on regional roads. On rural undivided highways with an 80 km/hour speed limit, mean and speed dispersions were 90 +/- 18.9 km/hour on national roads, 80.1 +/- 16 km/hour on inter-regional roads and 84.4 +/- 15.6 on regional roads; also translating into 66%, 47% and 60% of vehicles exceeding recommended speeds. In all cases, speed dispersions were notably higher than the value of 10 km/hour generally found in developed countries. Excessive speeding and wide speed dispersions are highly prevalent on Ghana's highways. These factors likely account for the high incidence of traffic crashes and fatalities in Ghana. An integrated speed monitoring and control programme and by-passing small and medium settlements would be required for the reduction of speed-related crashes, fatalities and injuries.

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“…After topological verification, travel speed was assigned to each road class based on national traffic laws as 100, 50, and 30 kmh −1 for primary, secondary, and tertiary roads, respectively. 25,26 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Population-Level Spatial Access to Essential Surgical Care in Ghana Using Availability of Bellwether Procedures

et al. 2016

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IMPORTANCE Conditions that can be treated by surgery comprise more than 16% of the global disease burden. However, 5 billion people do not have access to essential surgical care. An estimated 90% of the 87 million disability-adjusted life-years incurred by surgical conditions could be averted by providing access to timely and safe surgery in low-income and middle-income countries. Population-level spatial access to essential surgery in Ghana is not known. OBJECTIVES To assess the performance of bellwether procedures (ie, open fracture repair, emergency laparotomy, and cesarean section) as a proxy for performing essential surgery more broadly, to map population-level spatial access to essential surgery, and to identify first-level referral hospitals that would most improve access to essential surgery if strengthened in Ghana. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based study among all households and public and private not-for-profit hospitals in Ghana. Households were represented by georeferenced census data. First-level and second-level referral hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health and all tertiary hospitals were included. Surgical data were collected from January 1 to December 31, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All procedures performed at first-level referral hospitals in Ghana in 2014 were used to sort each facility into 1 of the following 3 hospital groups: those without capability to perform all 3 bellwether procedures, those that performed 1 to 11 of each procedure, and those that performed at least 12 of each procedure. Candidates for targeted capability improvement were identified by cost-distance and network analysis. RESULTS Of 155 first-level referral hospitals managed by the Ghana Health Service and the Christian Health Association of Ghana, 123 (79.4%) reported surgical data. Ninety-five (77.2%) did not have the capability in 2014 to perform all 3 bellwether procedures, 24 (19.5%) performed 1 to 11 of each bellwether procedure, and 4 (3.3%) performed at least 12. The essential surgical procedure rate was greater in bellwether procedure–capable first-level referral hospitals than in noncapable hospitals (median, 638; interquartile range, 440–1418 vs 360; interquartile range, 0–896 procedures per 100 000 population; P = .03). Population-level spatial access within 2 hours to a hospital that performed 1 to 11 and at least 12 of each bellwether procedure was 83.2% (uncertainty interval [UI], 82.2%–83.4%) and 71.4% (UI, 64.4%–75.0%), respectively. Five hospitals were identified for targeted capability improvement. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Almost 30% of Ghanaians cannot access essential surgery within 2 hours. Bellwether capability is a useful metric for essential surgery more broadly. Similar strategic planning exercises might be useful for other low-income and middle-income countries aiming to improve access to essential surgery.

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Study of Vehicle Speeds on a Major Highway in Ghana: Implication for monitoring and control

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Situational factors associated with road traffic crashes: A case–control study on the Yaoundé–Douala road section, Cameroon

Situational factors associated with road traffic crashes: A case–control study on the Yaoundé–Douala road section, Cameroon

Assessment of vehicle speeds on different categories of roadways in Ghana

Mapping Population-Level Spatial Access to Essential Surgical Care in Ghana Using Availability of Bellwether Procedures

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