Study of traditional Tunisian medina clays used in therapeutic and cosmetic mud-packs

Khiari, Imen; Mefteh, S.; Sánchez-Espejo, Rita; Cerezo, Pilar; Aguzzi, Carola; López-Galindo, Alberto; Jamoussi, Fakher; Viseras, César

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2014.07.029

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Overall, the oxides detected in this study were also detected in other clay samples originating from other African countries such as Tunisia, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Guinea and Senegal. [29][30][31] In addition, the loss of ignition (12.55 %) is in agreement with the results reported elsewhere for clay deposits sampled from KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. 32 The loss of ignition is attributed to organic matter and the value obtained in this study is coherent with kaolinite rich clay, for which 13-14 % loss of ignition is known as a mean value.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Raw Claysupporting

confidence: 81%

Physicochemical characterization and In vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material

Madikizela¹,

Nkwentsha²,

Mlunguza³

et al. 2017

S.Afr.j.chem.

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Clay has been widely used as photo protectants in rural places of South Africa. Recently, there are wide range of products which are marketed in South Africa as clay cosmetics which are used for photo protection. In this work, in vitro determination of the sun protection factor (SPF) of newly formulated cosmetics produced from natural clay material from the Bizana region in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was performed by spectrophotometric means. The SPF values found for clay material, face cream, foundation, face mask and scrub were 1.18, 18.33, 13.71, 6.74 and 9.53, respectively. The same materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Based on FTIR, XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS results, kaolinite, goethite and quartz were the major minerals found in the clay. Toxic elements such as mercury and cadmium were not detected during ICP analysis; however, traces of lead (0.72-2.14 mg kg -1 ) and arsenic (0.49-0.69 mg kg -1 ) were found in cosmetic products. The results obtained in this study indicate that the cosmetic products manufactured from clay have sun protection ability. KEYWORDSSun protection factor, cosmetic products, natural clay material.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Raw Claysupporting

confidence: 81%

Physicochemical characterization and In vitro evaluation of the sun protection factor of cosmetic products made from natural clay material

Madikizela¹,

Nkwentsha²,

Mlunguza³

et al. 2017

S.Afr.j.chem.

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“…14 , a quartz content above 15 wt% is cause for concern, even for topical applications, as there is sufficient evidence of quartz carcinogenicity. Table 3 confirm the high silicon content expected in view of the silica and the silicate minerals present in the samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of vumba and ubumba clays used for cosmetic purposes

Morekhure-Mphahlele¹,

Focke²,

Grote³

2017

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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HOW TO CITE:Morekhure-Mphahlele R, Focke WW, Grote W. Characterisation of vumba and ubumba clays used for cosmetic purposes. S Afr J Sci. 2017;113(3/4) FUNDING:Tshwane University of Technology Two traditional cosmetic clays bear similar names in different local South African languages: vumba (Tshivenda) and ubumba (isiZulu). The wet clays are applied topically for cosmetic purposes by the respective indigenous peoples. Six samples from two South African provinces were characterised using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the samples differed widely with respect to mineralogy and chemical composition. This finding raises the possibility that texture characteristics during application on the skin override composition effects. Of concern is the high levels of quartz found in all the samples as it might pose a health hazard; the lowest value for quartz was 11 wt% for vumba, while values for ubumba ranged from 26 wt% to 85 wt%. All samples contained varying amounts of silicates in the form of smectite, kaolin, chlorite and plagioclase. Minor amounts of anatase and rutile were present in some samples. Three samples also contained goethite. All samples were essentially free from the toxic elements As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Se and Sb. However, they did contain low levels of chromium and heavy metals such as Cu, Zn and Ni. The pH values of ubumba slurries were slightly basic, while those of a vumba slurry were slightly acidic. Significance:• Wide ranges of composition appear to be acceptable.• The clays do not contain highly toxic or radioactive elements.• The high levels of quartz present may pose a human health risk.

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“…The latter are recommended by regulatory bodies such as the International Cooperation on Cosmetic Regulation (ICCR) comprising FDA, Japan ministry of Health, European Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry and Health Canada. Carretero et al (2013) warns about the dangers of dermal absorption of the trace metals which, additionally is exacerbated by high quartz levels (Khiari et al, 2014). Orisakwe and Otaraku (2013) report how topically applied cosmetics may inadvertently gain access to mucous linings of the mouth (lipstick) or eye interior (eye shadow).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%