Study of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nanocrystalline Cellulose Based Thermoplastic Material

Samarasekara, A.M.P.B.; Kumara, S.P.D.A.; Madhusanka, A.J.S.; Amarasinghe, D.A.S.; Karunanayake, L.

doi:10.1109/mercon.2018.8421906

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…62 polylactide (PLA)/NCC absorbs higher amount of water compared to PLA/MCC. 63 Moreover, higher water interaction is observed for higher content of NCC in PLA. 64…”

Section: Water Absorption Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

“…31 The notion that the water absorption occurs due to the increasing concentration of MCC and NCC in PBAT matrix is supported by literature. [61][62][63][64][65] Biomaterial chitosan also increases water absorption in PBAT/chitosan composite with its increasing concentration. 62 polylactide (PLA)/NCC absorbs higher amount of water compared to PLA/MCC.…”

Section: Water Absorption Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[61][62][63][64][65] Biomaterial chitosan also increases water absorption in PBAT/chitosan composite with its increasing concentration. 63 Moreover, higher water interaction is observed for higher content of NCC in PLA. 63 Moreover, higher water interaction is observed for higher content of NCC in PLA.…”

Section: Water Absorption Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compostable composites of wheat stalk micro‐ and nanocrystalline cellulose and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): Surface properties and degradation behavior

Giri

Lach

Grellmann

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An agricultural waste, the wheat stalk, was used for the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) via a series of thermochemical and mechanical treatments. The MCC and NCC were then compounded with the biodegradable polymer, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT, by melt mixing. The properties of the composites were evaluated by soil composting, contact angle and water absorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The cellulosic filler was found, as per SEM results, to uniformly disperse in the polymer matrix forming a quite homogeneous composite which visibly degraded completely within a few months under soil composting and showed high water absorption, these properties being enhanced with the filler content. Compared to the neat PBAT, the composites showed enhanced surface hydrophilicity thereby increasing the ability of degradation. In spite of seemingly remarkable change in mechanical stability of the polymers under soil burial for several months, relatively low lowering of the molecular weight was observed.

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“…62 polylactide (PLA)/NCC absorbs higher amount of water compared to PLA/MCC. 63 Moreover, higher water interaction is observed for higher content of NCC in PLA. 64…”

Section: Water Absorption Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Water Absorption Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compostable composites of wheat stalk micro‐ and nanocrystalline cellulose and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): Surface properties and degradation behavior

Giri

Lach

Grellmann

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Frequently, natural fibres are used to reinforce with synthetic polymer composite due to the abundance, economic benefits and biodegradable properties (Samarasekara et al, 2018a;Samarasekara et al, 2018b;Samarasekara et al, 2014). Cellulose is the most commonly available, polymeric substance occurring in plant species and can be easily extracted by using agricultural waste materials such as sugar cane burgesses, rice straws and also from wood waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mechanical properties of nanocellulose reinforced synthetic polymer composite

et al. 2018

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In Sri Lanka, a considerable percentage of agricultural waste such as rice straw and sugarcane bagasse is discharged to the environment without a commercial use and forms a huge organic environmental pollution. Therefore, the agricultural wastes can be used to extract cellulose and indirectly apply an additional value to the abundant priceless wastes. Nanocellulose is a cellulosic material which has at least one dimension in the nanometre range and has a potential for polymer reinforcement. Based on their structure nanocellulose extracted from plant species are categorised into two; nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The present paper discussed the surface modification of NFC using Silane coupling agent (Si-69) and fabrication of silylated NFC reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites with different loadings of NFC from 0-5 wt. % by adding 0.5 wt. % per sample. The mechanical properties of the composite samples were compared with respect to neat PP and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mechanical tests (tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, impact strength and hardness), percentage water absorption and melt flow index (MFI) were used to characterize the developed composites. The experimental results emphasize the wide improvement of mechanical properties with extremely narrow reduction of water absorption and processability of silylated NFC based PP than pure PP. The 3.5% silylated NFC reinforced PP composite indicated the highest improvement in mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile and impact strength, a 7.4%, 12.6%, and 86.1% higher than the neat PP, respectively.

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“…Therefore, they are commonly combined with another polymer or a reinforcing agent to improve their properties. The main reinforcing agent is microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which is nontoxic, biodegradable, and highly stable with suitable mechanical and thermal properties [ 9 ]. Besides, MCC has a molecular structure similar to starch and glucose polymer, resulting in a composite with compatibility and strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Konjac Biodegradable Material Using Deacetylation and Reinforcement Process for Its Applications in Food Packaging

Sonthithaveelap,

Impaprasert,

Suntornsuk

et al. 2023

International Journal of Food Science

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Common konjac flour, especially of low grade, is a waste material produced in large quantities during purification of konjac glucomannan (KGM). It contains impurities, particularly oxalate salts, which irritate and may cause kidney stones. Konjac flour has glucomannan as a main component. Glucomannan is characterized by low crystallinity, high thermostability, and the ability to form a strong gel. Subsequently, glucomannan has good potential for the production of biodegradable material. However, its high-water affinity limits its use in packaging. The deacetylated by thermal forming process and reinforced konjac flour with 15% and 20% of microcrystalline cellulose showed improved water absorption and thermal properties of the specimen. Moreover, the thermal forming process resulted in the reduction of soluble oxalate. Therefore, due to the conditions used in this experiment, the material will be stronger, more waterproof properties, and more highly resistant to temperatures, so it is suitable to be used as a packaging that is environmentally friendly.

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Study of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nanocrystalline Cellulose Based Thermoplastic Material

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Compostable composites of wheat stalk micro‐ and nanocrystalline cellulose and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): Surface properties and degradation behavior

Compostable composites of wheat stalk micro‐ and nanocrystalline cellulose and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate): Surface properties and degradation behavior

Investigation of mechanical properties of nanocellulose reinforced synthetic polymer composite

Modification of Konjac Biodegradable Material Using Deacetylation and Reinforcement Process for Its Applications in Food Packaging

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