Study of the world collection of oilseed flax as a source material for selection in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Abstract

According to the modern requirements of cultivation, new varieties of oilseed flax are being created, differing in a complex of useful features. The basis of the selection of oilseed flax is the study, selection, and creation of new varieties based on the world collection and suitable for the agro-climatic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to investigate the collection samples of oilseed flax in the conditions of the Kostanay region of Northern Kazakhstan and to select the most promising pedigree material according to economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of a moisture deficit zone. The following methods were used: biological, phenological, laboratory, statistical, and information analysis of the adaptive capabilities of individual varieties of oilseed flax. An assessment of economically valuable traits was carried out for 14 varieties of oilseed flax from the world collection of various ecological and geographical origin for the period in 2020- 2022. As a result of the research, samples characterised by high yield were identified: Linol – 82 g/m2 , Sibirskaya 38854 – 71 g/m2 , Antares – 78.3 g/m2 . Samples of the varieties Biryuza, Krokus, Kustanayskiy – 8.2 g, Iceberg – 8.1 g were distinguished by high indicators of the weight of 1,000 seeds. A valuable and plastic source material for selection with the main valuable and economic characteristics was identified: the growing season for 85-92 days, with a seed yield of more than 47.5-82.2 g/m2 , a weight of 1000 seeds of 6.9- 8.1 g, oil content in seeds of 43.7-47.5%, plant height of 45-60 cm. The selected samples are recommended for cultivation in Northern Kazakhstan: by precocity – Sibirskaya 38854 and Iceberg; productivity – Linol, Antares; weight of 1000 grains – Nebesniy, Biryuza, Linol, Krokus; oil content in seeds – Kostanayskiy-11, Iceberg; resistance to fusarium – Kostanayskiy-11, Sibirskaya 38854, Antares, Iceberg. The effectiveness of the breeding programme depends on the patterns of inheritance of economically valuable traits operating in a hybrid population, reducing the loss of valuable genotypes and reducing costs by culling less valuable traits