Study of the Watermark Source’s Topology Role on Relational Data Watermarking Robustness

Abstract

Accessing relational databases through web services increases risks of piracy and tampering. Watermarking guarantees data protection without constraining their access and management. Researchers traditionally compare the extracted watermark with the embedded one after simulating attacks to analyze its robustness. However, the literature has not addressed how much watermark signal is retained after querying multi-word textual attributes and how topological features of the watermark affect robustness. In this work, we fill this gap by evaluating a semantics-preserving approach. We execute different classes of queries in three data sets, including an actual database of a public administration. The results show that 99.99% of the marks can be detected when considering a watermark source with a topological factor close to or equal to 1. As valuable contributions, we formally defined the watermark source's topological factor and the corrosion degree of the watermark detection. This work offers hints to data owners to adjust detection parameters, increasing the chances of spotting the watermark despite having, as evidence, data highly damaged due to malicious operations.INDEX TERMS Ownership proof, plagiarism detection, relational data, robust watermarking, watermark topology.