Study of the time varying properties of flax fiber reinforced composites

Stochioiu, Constantin; Chettah, Ameur; Piezel, Benoît; Fontaine, Stéphane; Gheorghiu, Horia

doi:10.1063/1.5024191

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Based on the findings, it can be clearly seen that all five pGFRP composites’ curves experienced two creep stages, which are primary (transient) and secondary (steady-state) stages. The primary creep allowed the anisotropic material to experience high elasticity behaviour, while the secondary creep caused the material to be viscoelastic before entering plastic regions [ 80 , 81 , 82 ]. At the load level of 12%, the primary stage from 0 to 750 h, the secondary stage started at 750 h of loading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stacking Sequence on Long-Term Creep Performance of Pultruded GFRP Composites

et al. 2022

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Pultruded glass-fibre reinforced polymer (pGFRP) composites are classified as lightweight material, which exhibit high strength-to-weight ratio for structural usage. This composite material has been applied as cross-arm members in transmission towers due to its ability in thermal and electrical insulation. However, the influence of the stacking sequence of pGFRP composite on its mechanical performance has not been fully covered in the literature to explain the long-term durability of the current cross-arm designs. The study expected to evaluate five fiber layers with various stacking sequences in terms of quasi-static and creep tests in a four-point bending mode. The creep test was performed for 1440 h (60 days). These composites were fabricated using the pultrusion process in the form of a square hollow structure. Later, it was cut into composite coupons with various sizes depending on the test conducted. The results showed that nine layers with 0°/45°/0°/−45°/0°/−45°/0°/45°/0° had the ultimate flexural strength. This stacking sequence configurations seemed to be optimally manufactured in continuous roving fibre by alternating between 0° and ±45° fiber orientations. Additionally, the S-9 pGFRP composite sample showed that it had a low-creep deflection with high elastic and apparent creep moduli in 1440 h. In terms of strength reduction factor, this configuration was recorded as the highest. The findings showed that the nine layers of pGFRP composites with alternation of 0° and ±45° fiber orientations were highly suitable for structural application at transmission towers for a long-term operation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stacking Sequence on Long-Term Creep Performance of Pultruded GFRP Composites

et al. 2022

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“…When it comes to the tensile creep behavior of polymer-fiber composites (PFCs), there is limited literature available, particularly in relation to the behavior in the fiber direction. Stochioiu et al [60] observed pronounced creep deformation even for unidirectional PFCs. Creep recovery tests revealed the existence of plastic deformation.…”

Section: Creep Deformationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Durability of Plant Fiber Composites for Structural Application: A Brief Review

et al. 2023

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Environmental sustainability and eco-efficiency stand as imperative benchmarks for the upcoming era of materials. The use of sustainable plant fiber composites (PFCs) in structural components has garnered significant interest within industrial community. The durability of PFCs is an important consideration and needs to be well understood before their widespread application. Moisture/water aging, creep properties, and fatigue properties are the most critical aspects of the durability of PFCs. Currently, proposed approaches, such as fiber surface treatments, can alleviate the impact of water uptake on the mechanical properties of PFCs, but complete elimination seems impossible, thus limiting the application of PFCs in moist environments. Creep in PFCs has not received as much attention as water/moisture aging. Existing research has already found the significant creep deformation of PFCs due to the unique microstructure of plant fibers, and fortunately, strengthening fiber-matrix bonding has been reported to effectively improve creep resistance, although data remain limited. Regarding fatigue research in PFCs, most research focuses on tension-tension fatigue properties, but more attention is required on compression-related fatigue properties. PFCs have demonstrated a high endurance of one million cycles under a tension-tension fatigue load at 40% of their ultimate tensile strength (UTS), regardless of plant fiber type and textile architecture. These findings bolster confidence in the use of PFCs for structural applications, provided special measures are taken to alleviate creep and water absorption. This article outlines the current state of the research on the durability of PFCs in terms of the three critical factors mentioned above, and also discusses the associated improvement methods, with the hope that it can provide readers with a comprehensive overview of PFCs’ durability and highlight areas worthy of further research.

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“…The viscous behavior has been documented in the literature for FFRPs reinforced with short fibers [ 38 ], weavings [ 39 ], and long fibers along the load direction [ 40 ]. The behavior of the former two configurations has been associated with viscoelasticity and viscoplasticy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Response of Epoxy Resin—Flax Fiber Composites Subjected to Repeated Loading and Creep Recovery Tests

2023

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Flax fiber-reinforced plastics have an innate eco-friendly nature due to the fiber reinforcement and reduced energy requirements in fabrication when compared to current fiber reinforced composite materials. They possess a complex time-dependent material behavior, which is investigated in the present paper. A composite material with flax fiber reinforcement on the load direction, embedded in an epoxy resin matrix, was studied. The procedures used were tensile tests, repeated loading-recovery, and creep-recovery tests, which were meant to expose the components of the response with respect to stress level and load duration. The results showed an elastic bi-linear behavior, a yield point at approximately 20% of the ultimate tensile stress, and tensile moduli of 35.9 GPa and 26.3 GPa, before and after yield. This is coupled with significant non-linear viscoelastic and, after yield, viscoplastic components, accounting for up to 14% of the strain response. The behavior is inherited from both the matrix and the fiber reinforcement and is attributed to the amorphous nature of the matrix combined with the microstructural re-organization of the fiber under load, which are partially reversible.

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Study of the time varying properties of flax fiber reinforced composites

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Stacking Sequence on Long-Term Creep Performance of Pultruded GFRP Composites

Effect of Stacking Sequence on Long-Term Creep Performance of Pultruded GFRP Composites

Durability of Plant Fiber Composites for Structural Application: A Brief Review

Mechanical Response of Epoxy Resin—Flax Fiber Composites Subjected to Repeated Loading and Creep Recovery Tests

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