Study of the Synthesis of Some Biginelli-type Products Catalyzed by Nano-ZrO₂

Abstract

Nanoparticles of zirconium(IV) oxide catalyze the three-component coupling of aromatic aldehydes, β -diketones and urea to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones (Biginelli compounds) in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.

Magnetic Silica-Coated Picolylamine Copper Complex [Fe3O4@SiO2@GP/Picolylamine-Cu(II)]-Catalyzed Biginelli Annulation Reaction

“…This reaction has been reviewed since 1983; accordingly, various catalysts have been reported in the literature, including Fe 3 O 4 @mesoporous SBA-15, iron­(III)­tosylate, metal–organic framework, Cu­(II)-MOF, β-cyclodextrin, poly­(SIL), bovine serum albumin, Fe–Al/clay, ZrOCl 2 /mont K10, Choline chloride-chloroacetic acid, nano-ZrO 2 , MNPs-BSAT, ammonium thiocyanate, citric acid, Fe 3 O 4 @C@OSO 3 H, bromine, Fe 3 O 4 /SMPA, MgO–ZrO 2 , hydrotalcite, PTAJeffamine, SiO 2 –NaHSO 4 , Ni-DDIA, SnCl 2 /nano SiO 2 , and nano-ZnO . However, most of these procedures have some drawbacks such as high temperature, unacceptable reaction time, low or moderate yields, use of toxic or hazardous solvents, and tedious workup method.…”

“…17−21 Additionally, they are important and useful in a wide range of natural marine alkaloids, Eg5 inhibitors, drugs, and also drug candidates including (R)-SQ 32926, (S)-monastrol, SNAP-7941, L-771688, (R)-SQ 32547, (S)-L-771688, SNAP-7941, (R)-Mon 97, (R)-Fluorastrol, (S)-Enastron, and (S)-Dimethylenastron (Scheme 1). 22−25 This reaction has been reviewed since 1983; accordingly, various catalysts have been reported in the literature, including Fe 3 O 4 @mesoporous SBA-15, 26 iron(III)tosylate, 27 metal− organic framework, 28 Cu(II)-MOF, 29 β-cyclodextrin, 30 poly-(SIL), 31 bovine serum albumin, 32 Fe−Al/clay, 33 ZrOCl 2 /mont K10, 34 Choline chloride-chloroacetic acid, 35 nano-ZrO 2 , 36 MNPs-BSAT, 37 ammonium thiocyanate, 38 citric acid, 39 Fe 3 O 4 @C@OSO 3 H, 40 bromine, 41 Fe 3 O 4 /SMPA, 42 MgO− ZrO 2 , 43 hydrotalcite, 44 PTAJeffamine, 45 SiO 2 −NaHSO 4 , 46 Ni-DDIA, 47 SnCl 2 /nano SiO 2 , 48 and nano-ZnO. 49 However, most of these procedures have some drawbacks such as high temperature, unacceptable reaction time, low or moderate yields, use of toxic or hazardous solvents, and tedious workup method.…”

“…Recently, Starcevich and co-workers demonstrated 27 a simple method for the synthesize of Biginelli catalyzed by iron(III) tosylate. In this method, the desired products were obtained in moderate yields (62−90%) after 15 h. Some catalysts like β-cyclodextrin, 30 Fe−Al/clay, 33 nano-ZrO 2 , 36 and NH 4 SCN 38 have been used, which requires high temperature between 100 and 140 °C. Therefore, the development of ecofriendly, convenient, and efficient procedures for the preparation of DHPM derivatives under mild conditions is still a demand.…”

Preparation and properties evaluation of polyimide-matrix nanocomposites reinforced with glutamine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube

“…Modification of the polymers physical properties as well as the implementation of new features in the polymer matrix was carried out by the addition of inorganic spherical nanoparticles to polymers. Over the past two decades, materials and structures with geometric dimensions of less than 100 nm (nanomaterial) have gained more attraction for chemistry and pharmaceuticals, such as synthesis of organic compounds, health, medical, or food technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”