Study of the structure and refractive parameters of diethylamine and triethylamine

Tekin, Nalan; Tarımcı, Çelik

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.12.006

“…The experimental measurements obtained revealed a linear relationship between refractive index and concentration and temperature, as well as a non-linear relationship between refractive index and wavelength [89]. This behaviour was observed in the ternary mixtures as well as the binaries and pure substances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In order to evaluate the experimental and predicted refractive index using the proposed correlation, Eq 3. where V represents the total mixture volume and represents the volume and is the mole fraction of the ℎ component, in which the mole fraction is the number of moles of the target substance divided by the total number of moles involved. N represents the number of components in the mixture [34,36,[89][90][91][92][93].…”

Section: Mathematical Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative interferometric measurements of the refractive index and its applications

Yahya¹

2021

Preprint

0

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Optical interferometry is a non-contact method used for the imaging and measurement of the optical properties of small or large objects with nanoscale accuracy. Interferometers are essential optical systems in engineering and medical science and are generally used to measure refractive index changes, cell pathology and shape irregularities. The ability to provide quantitative, non-invasive measurements makes interferometers suitable candidates for the study of living cells in vivo and in vitro applications. In this study, a simple interferometric system capable of providing precise measurements of the refractive indices of transparent and semi-transparent mediums was designed and developed based on the Mach-Zehnder arrangement. During the development phase, the system was used to take precise measurements of the contrast factors of the three hydrocarbon components 1,2,3,4-Tetrtahydronaphtalenene (THN), Isobutylbenzen (IBB), and Dodecane (nC12), prepared in the laboratory. The results were also compared with the corresponding results obtained using the Abbemat refractometer. The results were in agreement with those obtained from both techniques as well as the results obtained from the literature, confirming the accuracy of the measurements obtained with the new system with deviations of ± 2.50×10-3. Blood analysis is a routine procedure used in medical diagnostics to confirm a patient’s condition. Measuring the optical properties of blood is difficult due to the non-homogenous nature of the blood itself. In addition, there is a lot of variation in the refractive indices reported in the literature. These are the reasons that motivated this research to develop an empirical model that can be used to predict the refractive index of human blood as a function of concentration, temperature and wavelength. The experimental measurements were conducted on mimicking phantom, that shows better stability compared to human blood, using the Abbemat Refractometer. The values obtained using the model was in substantial agreement with those obtained experimentally with standard deviations of ± 2.33×10-3. Once the accuracy of the interferometric system was confirmed, the system was used to study the refractive index and morphology of human red blood cells. The results of the analysis confirmed the system’s ability to determine refractive index and/or blood hematocrit values with appropriate clinical accuracy.

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“…The empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of transparent materials governed by the Cauchy formula [89] was adopted to calculate the refractive index at five different wavelengths. The general form of Cauchy's equation is:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results can be seen in in the supplementary material TablesS2 and S3.In this equation, is the refractive index of the mixture, is the refractive of the pure component and is the mole fraction of component in the mixture. is the number of components in the mixture[89][90][91][92][93].The last two columns in these tables represent the standard deviation ( ) and the relative of errors (RE) calculated using the following expressions: and calculated values of the refractive index, and is the number of experimental data points.Figure 4-4 presents a clearer image of the linear and nonlinear relationships of the refractive indices with temperature and wavelength for the two target revealed a linear relationship between refractive indices and concentration for all mixtures investigated. All mixtures were prepared based on the mass fraction of the components and the molar fractions were then calculated from the mass fraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative interferometric measurements of the refractive index and its applications

Yahya¹

2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical interferometry is a non-contact method used for the imaging and measurement of the optical properties of small or large objects with nanoscale accuracy. Interferometers are essential optical systems in engineering and medical science and are generally used to measure refractive index changes, cell pathology and shape irregularities. The ability to provide quantitative, non-invasive measurements makes interferometers suitable candidates for the study of living cells in vivo and in vitro applications. In this study, a simple interferometric system capable of providing precise measurements of the refractive indices of transparent and semi-transparent mediums was designed and developed based on the Mach-Zehnder arrangement. During the development phase, the system was used to take precise measurements of the contrast factors of the three hydrocarbon components 1,2,3,4-Tetrtahydronaphtalenene (THN), Isobutylbenzen (IBB), and Dodecane (nC12), prepared in the laboratory. The results were also compared with the corresponding results obtained using the Abbemat refractometer. The results were in agreement with those obtained from both techniques as well as the results obtained from the literature, confirming the accuracy of the measurements obtained with the new system with deviations of ± 2.50×10-3. Blood analysis is a routine procedure used in medical diagnostics to confirm a patient’s condition. Measuring the optical properties of blood is difficult due to the non-homogenous nature of the blood itself. In addition, there is a lot of variation in the refractive indices reported in the literature. These are the reasons that motivated this research to develop an empirical model that can be used to predict the refractive index of human blood as a function of concentration, temperature and wavelength. The experimental measurements were conducted on mimicking phantom, that shows better stability compared to human blood, using the Abbemat Refractometer. The values obtained using the model was in substantial agreement with those obtained experimentally with standard deviations of ± 2.33×10-3. Once the accuracy of the interferometric system was confirmed, the system was used to study the refractive index and morphology of human red blood cells. The results of the analysis confirmed the system’s ability to determine refractive index and/or blood hematocrit values with appropriate clinical accuracy.

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“…This technique allows the fabrication of high quality spherical and parabolic shaped MLs by heating up the PR above its glass transition temperature [2]. Once this temperature is reached, the PR starts to melt with the surface tension effect causing the fabricated microstructure to gain the desired spherical lens profile [3]. The entire process is relatively simple to perform and the TR, specifically, is very well controlled without the need of high-technology equipment, guaranteeing good dimensional control and a smooth homogeneous surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Number Microlenses for Integration on Optical Microsystems

Rocha

¹

,

Belsley

²

,

Correia

³

et al. 2015

IEEE Sensors J.

2

0

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This paper presents microlenses (MLs) with low f -number made of AZ4562 photoresist for integration on optical microsystems. The fabrication process was based on the thermal reflow and rehydration. Large series of MLs were fabricated with a width of 35 µm, a thickness of 5 µm, and spaced apart by 3 µm. The MLs were fabricated directly on the surface of a die with type n+/ p-substrate junction photodiode fabricated in a standard CMOS process. The measured focal length was 49 µm with a tolerance of ±2 µm (maximum error of ±4%), resulting in a numerical aperture of 33.6 × 10 −2 (±1.3 × 10 −2 ). The measurements also revealed an f -number of 1.4.

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Study of the structure and refractive parameters of diethylamine and triethylamine

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Quantitative interferometric measurements of the refractive index and its applications

Quantitative interferometric measurements of the refractive index and its applications

Quantitative interferometric measurements of the refractive index and its applications

Low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Number Microlenses for Integration on Optical Microsystems

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