Study of the structural and dielectric properties of ceramic obtained from residual electrocoagulation

Abstract

This work aims to develop an eco-friendly ceramic obtained from the sludge generated in the textile industry treatment by electrocoagulation to demonstrate a possibility of natural raw materials' extraction decrease. The sludge generated by the electrocoagulation treatment was treated by some sintering processes. The presence of two crystalline phases was confirmed through the Rietveld refinement: Fe 2 O 3 and NiCr 2 O 4 . In the microwave range it is possible to confirm the relative stability of dielectric permittivity over the wide frequency range. The Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance results demonstrate that the samples can be classified as a class 4 ceramic capacitor. The activation energy measurement profile is similar for all samples. The results showed that samples obtained from the sludge present low dielectric permittivity, two thermo-activated processes one to water loss and another to conduction with activation energy of approximately 0.6 eV for all analysed samples. The manufactured samples can be applied as a barrier layer capacitor and dielectric resonator antennas.