Study of the Stiffness of the Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Recycling Mixes for Road Base Courses

Konieczna, Katarzyna; Pokorski, Piotr; Sorociak, Wojciech; Radziszewski, Piotr; Żymełka, Dawid; Król, Jan

doi:10.3390/ma13235473

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One of the most cost-effective and environmental-friendly modes of employment of RA is represented by cold-recycling, in which RA is combined with asphalt emulsion or foamed bitumen to create a stable and durable paving mixture [ 15 ]. Although cold-recycling techniques have traditionally been used in low-volume roads due to the poorer mechanical properties of corresponding mixtures [ 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], promising research has been reported in which cold-recycled asphalt mixtures exhibited performance in the field comparable to that of standard bituminous layers containing exclusively virgin materials [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Cold-Recycled Solution for the Surface Finishing of Unpaved Rural Roads

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation which was carried out with the purpose of assessing the performance-related properties of an emulsion-based cold-recycled mixture to be employed as a sustainable solution for the surface finishing of unpaved rural roads. This mixture contained significant quantities of recycled components (reclaimed asphalt and mineral sludge), and its composition was fine-tuned by following an innovative mix design procedure. Properties of these mixtures were studied by means of laboratory tests which considered key parameters, such as flowability, indirect tensile stiffness modulus, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility and resistance to permanent deformation. It was found that, by means of the proposed mix design procedure, optimal dosages of the recycled components can be identified, thereby ensuring the achievement of the desired properties in terms of high workability and adequate stiffness and strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Cold-Recycled Solution for the Surface Finishing of Unpaved Rural Roads

et al. 2022

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“…The properties of CRMs depend on the qualitative and quantitative selection of their components, which are usually RAP, virgin aggregates, BE or foamed bitumen, water, and active filler [18]. Depending on the combination of binding agents, various types of cold recycling mixtures can be distinguished, such as cement-treated materials (CTMs) with cement as the only binding agent, or cement-bitumen-treated materials (CBTMs) containing BE or foamed bitumen with a ratio of residual bitumen to cement (B/C) lower than or equal to one (B/C ≤ 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifying the Mechanical Performance of Cold and Hot Asphalt Mastics Containing Jet Grouting Waste as a Filler

et al. 2021

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In the road construction sector, the CO2 emissions that affect global warming are, in most cases, from the asphalt mixtures production activities that are carried out at high temperature (above 160 °C). The research here presented aims to investigate the physical-mechanical properties of asphalt mastics made up using jet grouting waste (JW) as a filler produced through both cold (40–50 °C) and hot mixing process. The first step focused primarily on examining the effects of optimal blending time and curing time of the mastics. The second step focused on the investigation of the rheological properties using a dynamic shear rheometer and carrying out a frequency sweep test at temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 °C with increments of 10 °C, and a multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test under 0.1 and 3.2 kPa load levels at temperatures of 40 and 50 °C. Four cold asphalt mastic solutions were analyzed and then compared to three hot traditional ones, keeping constant, on the one hand, the binder weight and filler over binder weight ratio (0.5), and, on the other hand, changing the type and amount of filler. The compositions of the hot and cold asphalt mastics were as follows: (a) 33% limestone filler (LF) plus 67% bitumen (concerning the cold mixing process, the bitumen content refers to the amount of bitumen into the bitumen emulsion), (b) 33% JW plus 67% bitumen, (c) 16.5% LF plus 16.5% JW and 67% bitumen. The fourth solution designed only for cold asphalt mastic was made up of 33% Portland cement (PC) plus 67% bitumen (referring to the amount of bitumen in the bitumen emulsion). The main findings showed that the optimal performance was achieved at high test temperature by cold and hot asphalt mastics made up adding LF and JW filler, which showed a pronounced elastic behavior. Moreover, the cold asphalt mastic solution made up of LF and JW filler showed better performance than the mastic made up using PC, reaching over 40% increase of the shear modulus and 30% lower non-recoverable creep compliance values at all test temperatures.

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Reusing Jet Grouting Waste as Filler for Road Asphalt Mixtures of Base Layers

et al. 2021

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Secondary raw materials consist of production waste or material resulting from recycling processes, currently in large quantities, which can be injected back into the economic system as new raw materials. This study proposes jet grouting waste (JGW) as filler for hot and cold asphalt mixtures applied as base layers of road pavements and investigates the physical and mechanical properties. JGW is derived from soil consolidation performed during underground roadway tunnel construction. The research compares three asphalt mixtures: (a) hot mixture containing limestone aggregate-filler (HMA), (b) HMA containing JGW (HMAJ), (c) cold recycled asphalt mixture containing JGW (CRAJ). Leaching tests of JGW and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) were conducted; the best configurations of the three mixtures were determined by using the volumetric method through gyratory compaction. Three mastics with filler-to-binder ratios reflecting those of the asphalt mixtures were investigated through delta ring and ball test and frequency sweep test at 0.05% stress by using a dynamic shear rheometer. The morphology of each mixture was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CRAJ with 28 days of curing time reached the indirect tensile strength (ITS) of HMA (0.73 MPa) within 14 days and, among all studied mixtures, returned the lowest cumulative strain, which was on average 30% lower than that of HMA and HMAJ. The results of this study have shown that the cold alternative mixture, CRAJ, promotes the reuse of two types of waste, RAP and JGW, as it fully meets the reference Italian Technical Standard and ensures good mixture performance in addition to conserving natural resources.

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Study of the Stiffness of the Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Recycling Mixes for Road Base Courses

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

A Sustainable Cold-Recycled Solution for the Surface Finishing of Unpaved Rural Roads

A Sustainable Cold-Recycled Solution for the Surface Finishing of Unpaved Rural Roads

Verifying the Mechanical Performance of Cold and Hot Asphalt Mastics Containing Jet Grouting Waste as a Filler

Reusing Jet Grouting Waste as Filler for Road Asphalt Mixtures of Base Layers

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