Study of the refractive index of gasoline+alcohol pseudo-binary mixtures

Abstract

Abstract. The properties of gasoline change as a result of blending with a bioalcohol, affecting the behavior of the pseudo-binary system. The aim of this paper is to present experimental data of the refractive index for pseudobinary mixtures of a reformate gasoline with ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol over the entire composition range and for temperature ranging from 293.15 K to 313.15 K. The accuracy of different equations to predict the refractive index of the mixtures was tested. The best prediction accuracy (the lower AAD) corresponded to Eykman and Lorentz-Lorenz mixing rules. A logarithmic equation proposed to correlate the refractive index with composition and temperature of gasoline+alcohol mixtures showed a good accuracy (the absolute average deviation AAD < 0.052%). The deviations in refractive index for investigated systems are negative over the entire composition range and at all investigated temperatures.

Ultrafast Time-of-Flight Method of Gasoline Contamination Detection Down to ppm Levels by Means of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

“…The refractive index of 95-octane gasoline pseudo-binary mixtures with isopropanol has recently been studied in [32,33]. Four different mixing rules, described by four equations, namely, the Eykman (Equation ( 6)), Lorentz-Lorenz (Equation ( 7)), Newton (Equation ( 8)) and Gladstone-Dale (Equation ( 9)):…”

“…Were tested in the quoted above publications in the temperature range from 293.15 K to 313.5 K. In Equations ( 6)-( 9), the symbols n D1 and n D2 stand for the refractive index of isopropanol-gasoline mixture components φ 1 and φ 2 , respectively. Using these equations, the refractive index of isopropanol-gasoline mixtures was found to increase linearly from n D1 to n D2 , with n D2 belonging to the constituent of the larger absolute value of n [33]. The best correspondence was found for the Eykman and Lorentz-Lorenz model; however, the differences between the measured and calculated n D using the Gladstone-Dale equation (Equation ( 9)) were also reasonably small with the absolute values ∆n D = |n D,exp − (φ 1 n D1 − φ 2 n D2 )| not larger than ~0.0016.…”

“…The equation describing the difference of THz pulse TOFs in isopropanol-gasoline solution and pure gasoline, ∆t, the Gladstone-Dale mixing rule equation for the refractive index, n D , of the isopropanol gasoline solution, and the relationship between the mass fractions of isopropanol, φ 1 , and gasoline, φ 2 , are given, respectively, by Equations (A10)-(A12) [32,33]:…”

Viscosity of Ternary Blends with Biodiesel, Diesel Fuel and Isopropanol at Different Temperatures

“…The accuracy of the equations used to calculate the viscosity of the ternary system was evaluated with the average relative deviation, ARD (%): (8) where n is the number of experimental data points, η exp,i and η cal,i represent the experimental and calculated viscosity, respectively.…”

“…Only a few studies are addressed to pseudo-ternary blends with diesel fuel and most of these investigated engine performance and exhaust emissions. Very few studies refer to properties such as viscosity and density of ternary fuel systems [7][8], the behavior of the engine and the impact on the environment being the most investigated aspects.…”