Study of the process of obtaining hydrocarbons on the basis of synthesis gas and the fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction

Abstract

The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300°C (302–572°F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons. In the usual implementation, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the feedstocks for FT, are produced from coal, natural gas, or biomass in a process known as gasification. The process then converts these gases into synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel. This process has received intermittent attention as a source of low-sulfur diesel fuel and to address the supply or cost of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch process is discussed as a step of producing carbon-neutral liquid hydrocarbon fuels from CO2 and hydrogen. The article is devoted to the use of synthesis gas as an alternative petroleum raw material for obtaining artificial liquid fuels, hydrocarbons (Fisher-Tropsch synthesis) and aldehydes (hydroformylation or oxo-synthesis). The mechanisms of the considered reactions are discussed.