“…Different sites give rise to unique fluorescent spectra. As a characterization technique, optical studies of the lanthanide emission spectra are very sensitive probes of the crystal structure (Chen, Stump, Haire, & Peterson, 1992). This makes it possible to use laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to study the crystal structure of the nanoparticles-so called site-selective optical spectroscopy (Eilers & Tissue, 1996;Williams, Yuan, & Tissue, 1999).…”