Study of the Mechanism and Rate of Bismaleimide Cure by Remote in-Situ Real Time Fiber Optic Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Mijović, Jovan; Andjelić, Saša

doi:10.1021/ma950550v

Cited by 108 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…The bismaleimide (BMI) formulation was also composed of equimolar amounts of components A and B, which were mixed at 125°C and stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. Further details of the sample preparation procedures can be found elsewhere [22,23]. Upon mixing all formulations were tested under isothermal conditions at a series of selected temperatures in thermal and microwave fields.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ real-time study of crosslinking kinetics in thermal and microwave fields

Mijović¹,

Corso²,

Nicolais

et al. 1998

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism and kinetics of cure of a twocomponent BMI formulation have been described in a recent communication from our group [22] and only the salient features are highlighted below. The principal reaction is an alternating copolymerization involving maleimide and allyl double bonds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ real-time study of crosslinking kinetics in thermal and microwave fields

Mijović¹,

Corso²,

Nicolais

et al. 1998

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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“…R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol/K) and T is the absolute temperature. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction, with special reference to E a, can be calculated using different computational methods [8][9][10][11]. E a is determined by the isoconversional methods using the logarithmic form of the kinetic equation (2):…”

Section: Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure Kinetics and Activation Energy Studies of Modified Bismaleimide Resins

Chandran¹,

Krishna²,

Rai

et al. 2012

ISRN Polymer Science

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The cure kinetics and activation energy (Ea) of bismaleimide homopolymer and modified bismaleimide resin systems with different chain extenders were investigated. The bismaleimide resin under investigation was bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BMPM) and the chain extenders were (i) O-O diallyl bisphenol A (DABA) and (ii) methylenedianiline (MDA). Dynamic multiheating DSC method was used to study the kinetics of the curing process. Activation energies were determined for both unmodified and modified resins from nonisothermal multiheating rate DSC tests by using Ozawa and Kissinger models. Activation energy for BMPM homopolymer increased from 95 kJ/mol to 125 kJ/mol as a function of conversion. For the MDA-modified system the activation energy was independent of percentage conversion, at 108 kJ/mol. In the case of DABA-modified bismaleimide the activation energy increased steadily at 6 kJ/mol from 10 to 100% conversion.

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“…It has been observed that the principal reaction occurring in this blend is an alternating copolymerisation between the two different monomers ( Figure 6), with homopolymerisation of the BMI units only occurring in the initial stages of the reaction at higher temperatures (i.e. above 200°C) [27]. This is evidenced by the occurrence of an almost 1:1 consumption ratio between characteristic IR signals for both BMI and DABA allyl groups.…”

Section: Second Generation 'Toughened' Bmi Systemsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

Iredale¹,

Ward

Hamerton

2017

Progress in Polymer Science

217

152

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Hamerton, E-mail: ian.hamerton@bristol.ac.uk This review is respectfully and affectionately dedicated to Dr Horst D Stenzenberger, who has been an inspirational figure in modern BMI chemistry, always happy to share his extensive knowledge of this field. ABSTRACT:The chemistry of bismaleimides (BMIs), their blends and copolymers is reviewed critically with particular emphasis placed on the development of the field after 1990, which was marked by several comprehensive review articles. A general introduction to the structure property relationships of BMIs is presented, outlining the development of the preparative chemistry, and the early strategies adopted to address the inherent brittleness of the cured 'first generation' BMI polymers. 'Second generation', diallylbisphenol-toughened BMIs, form the basis of the benchmark commercial systems, and the polymerization mechanism is discussed. The current review is placed in context, addressing the issues of cost, processing and precursor toxicity, the major barriers to wider acceptance of BMIs. The main body of the review evaluates a number of observations made by Dr Horst Stenzenberger in 1990, for the future development of BMI technology. Hence, the synthesis of novel bismaleimide building blocks, incorporation of new thermoplastics and additives, and blending with new thermosetting comonomers are all discussed in detail. The aforementioned review had been written before the concept of nanocomposites or shape memory polymers had been explored with BMIs, but the fields have since grown (especially in the case of the former topic) and are reviewed herein. The application of BMIs to continuous fibre composites is one of the proposed fields of commercial development. The topic falls a little beyond the scope of the present review of BMI chemistry, and is the subject of another publication, but a brief discussion of the most recent developments is presented. The review is concluded with some thoughts about the future outlook for BMI chemistry.

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Study of the Mechanism and Rate of Bismaleimide Cure by Remote in-Situ Real Time Fiber Optic Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Cited by 108 publications

References 10 publications

In situ real-time study of crosslinking kinetics in thermal and microwave fields

In situ real-time study of crosslinking kinetics in thermal and microwave fields

Cure Kinetics and Activation Energy Studies of Modified Bismaleimide Resins

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

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