Study of the Lymphocyte Change Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia Cases Suggesting Other Factors Besides Uncontrolled Inflammation Contributed to Multi-Organ Injury

Zheng, Yongping; Huang, Zhen; Yin, Guoping; Zhang, Xia; Ye, Wei; Hu, Zhiliang; Hu, Chunmei; Wei, Hongxia; Zeng, Yi; Chen, Yun; Chen, Cong; Lin, Feishen; Lu, Hu; Xiao, Lingyan; Song, Yan; Wang, Chunming; Yi, Yongxiang; Dong, Lei

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3555267

Cited by 46 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The low Alb/Glob ratio [(A/G) = 0.583] also attracted our attention. In China, a low Alb/Glob ratio is typically caused by hepatitis B virus infection, yet this patient was free of hepatitis B and C. This finding is consistent with the notion that COVID-19 also attacks the liver, which is consistent with previous reports 13,14 .…”

Section: Covid-19 and Liver Function Damagesupporting

confidence: 92%

Misfortune never comes singly - the first case of COVID-19 with rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm

Zhao

Cao

Zhu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered virus, leading COVID-19 a global threaten nowadays. Case Presentation: The first case of a patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) that became infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported here. The patient died suddenly from a ruptured aorta 19 h after hospital admission. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with TAA should attract the highest vigilance as COVID-19 might expedite the process of TAA rupture through cytokine storm syndrome, leading to rapid death with little or no warning signs.

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Section: Covid-19 and Liver Function Damagesupporting

confidence: 92%

Misfortune never comes singly - the first case of COVID-19 with rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm

Zhao

Cao

Zhu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Myocardial damage in COVID-19, especially in severe cases, has been demonstrated previously (20,24), however our analysis did not find significant higher level of myocardial enzymes in severe compared to non-severe cases. We believe more studies on the pathophysiology of such injury may help this issue to be clearer, one possibility could be interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells instead of direct damage of myocardium in severe cases (25) which it is not in line with the finding of Zheng et al (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) characterized by hypercytokinaemia with multi-organ failure (27) which is occurred after viral infection in adults (28,29) is another possible explanation for the stated laboratory features. Although one no peer-reviewed study by Zheng et al, (15) has demonstrated that organ damage in COVID-19 is mostly endorsed as organ damage caused by the virus itself rather than HLH. This claim needs more investigation and autopsy studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the CBC parameters of COVID-19 confirmed cases, decreased lymphocytes and normal or increased monocytes have pointed out previously (4). Combined evidence so far appears inconsistent (4,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In the previous meta-analysis, the most prevalent laboratory features that were decreased in all confirmed cases consists of albumin, high CRP, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphopenia, and high ESR (5), while increase in bilirubin, cytokines, and leukocytes were less frequent (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Laboratory features in severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ghahramani

Tabrizi

Lankarani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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OBJECTIVE: Understanding the common laboratory features of COVID-19 in severe cases versus non-severe patients could be quite useful for clinicians and might help to predict the model of disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of ‎Science, and Google Scholar from inception to 3rd of March 2020. Heterogeneity across included ‎studies was determined using Cochrane’s Q test and the I2 statistic. We used the fixed or random-effect models to pool ‎the weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences and 95% confidence ‎intervals (CIs).‎RESULTS:‎ Out of a total of 3009 citations, 17 articles (22 studies, 21 from China and one study from Singapour) with 3396 ranging from 12-1099 patients, ‎were included. Our meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in ‎lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil, hemoglobin, platelet, albumin, serum sodium, lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), leukocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR), leukocyte to IL-6 ratio (LeIR), and an increase in the ‎neutrophil, alanine ‎aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer, glucose ‎level, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the severe group compared with the non-severe group. However, no significant changes were observed in white blood cells (WBC), ‎ creatine kinase (CK), troponin I, myoglobin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and potassium (K) between the two groups.‎CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides evidence for the differentiation of severe cases of COVID-19 based on laboratory test results at the time of hospital admission. Future well-methodologically designed studies from other populations are strongly recommended.

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“…One of the many unanswered questions regarding COVID-19 is how the naïve immune system reacts, adapts, and mounts an effective defense against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In comparison to COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, those with severe symptoms had significantly decreased counts of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells 8 , 18 - 20 , decreased numbers of B cells and natural killer (NK) cells 20 , and exhaustion of functional T cells 19 , 21 . Additionally, there is evidence of decreased numbers of CD45 + T cells and CD19 + B cells 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports

Dayan¹,

Kersten²,

Battaglia³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all COVID-19 patients are naïve patients as it is the first-time humans have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As with exposure to many viruses, individuals with pre-existing, compromised immune systems may be at increased risk of developing severe symptoms and/or dying because of (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To learn more about such individuals, we conducted a search and review of published reports on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing, compromised immune systems. Here we present our review of patients who possess pre-existing primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and those who are organ transplant recipients on maintenance immunosuppressants. Our review indicates different clinical outcomes for the patients with pre-existing PAD, depending on the underlying causes. For organ transplant recipients, drug-induced immune suppression alone does not appear to enhance COVID-19 mortality risk - rather, advanced age, comorbidities, and the development of secondary complications appears required.

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Study of the Lymphocyte Change Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia Cases Suggesting Other Factors Besides Uncontrolled Inflammation Contributed to Multi-Organ Injury

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Misfortune never comes singly - the first case of COVID-19 with rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm

Misfortune never comes singly - the first case of COVID-19 with rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm

Laboratory features in severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports

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