Study of the interaction between poly(ethylene oxide) and phenol-formaldehyde resin

Stack, Karen; Dunn, Lawrence A.; Roberts, N. K.

doi:10.1016/0166-6622(91)80310-k

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is generally proposed that when PEO/phenolic polymer complexes form, the phenolic groups are the main interaction site with PEO through hydrogen bonding between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the ether oxygen of PEO. 1,2,25 Our recent NMR studies demonstrated that both the phenolic and the styrenesulfonate rings in PKS (see Figure 1 for structure) interacted with PEO, 3 although the interaction between the phenolic group and PEO was stronger. 5 However, none of the previous studies gave information about the size of the PEO/phenolic polymer complexes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The fluorescent intensity measurements (Figure ), and isothermal titration calorimetric measurements with polypeptide, showed that PEO with a molecular weight as low as 8000 Da will form complexes with a phenolic polymer. Similarly, phenolic polymers larger than ∼1000 Da bind to high molecular weight PEO. , On the other hand, complexes formed with low molecular weight PEO are not large and are not effective flocculants . Therefore, it is of interest to understand the factor leading to large PEO/phenolic polymer complexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,25 Our recent NMR studies demonstrated that both the phenolic and the styrenesulfonate rings in PKS (see Figure 1 for structure) interacted with PEO, 3 although the interaction between the phenolic group and PEO was stronger. 5 However, none of the previous studies gave information about the size of the PEO/phenolic polymer complexes.…”

Section: Effect Of Pks Phenolic Content On Size Of Peo/ Pks Complexesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Factors Affecting the Size of Aqueous Poly(vinylphenol-co-potassium styrenesulfonate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Complexes

et al. 2002

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The diffusion properties of complexes formed between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly-(vinylphenol-co-styrenesulfonate) (PKS) in aqueous medium were investigated by diffusion ordered NMR (DOSY), fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR), and viscosity measurements. All three techniques showed that PEO/PKS complexes range from single PEO coils with bound PKS molecules to large complex species containing many PEO chains. For a given PKS structure, there are two important transitional PEO molecular weights. The lowest one, ∼8000 Da, corresponds to the onset of PEO/PKS complex formation. The second transitional PEO molecular weight is between 10 5 and 10 6 Da and corresponds to the onset of multi-PEO chain complex species which are important for flocculation. PKS functions as a physical cross-linking agent for PEO. If there is too little PKS, multiple PEO chains are not bound together. Similarly, high concentrations of PKS give small complexes because there are few opportunities for connecting multiple PEO chains together, since all the PEO chains are saturated with bound PKS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Pks Phenolic Content On Size Of Peo/ Pks Complexesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Factors Affecting the Size of Aqueous Poly(vinylphenol-co-potassium styrenesulfonate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Complexes

et al. 2002

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“…Hydrogen bonding was studied through infrared spectroscopy. It is THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, VOLUME 76, APRIL, 1998 noted that hydrogen bonding between the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) cofactor and PEO has been reported by Stack et al, (1991) and Xiao et al, (1995a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the retention performance of the poly(ethylene oxide) — tannic acid system by poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)

et al. 1998

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The retention performance of the poly(ethy1ene oxide) (PEO) and tannic acid (TA) dual system was studied in the presence of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). The zeta potential, and size of the association complex between PEO and TA in the presence of PDADMAC as well as the infrared spectra of TA and the PEO-TA system were also studied. It was shown that hydrogen bonds are formed between the phenolic and acidic groups of TA and the oxygen atoms of the PEO macromolecules. Moreover, it was found that the presence of small quantities of PDADMAC enhances the fibre tines and clay first pass retention. The maximum effect was observed with an amount of added PDADMAC equal to 20% of the amount of added PEO. Further addition of PDADMAC was found to decrease the retention probably because it re-charges the surface to positive. When clay was replaced by ground calcium carbonate no retention improvement was detected. This is most likely due to the presence of calcium ions.

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“…This places constraints on the covalent backbones of the interacting polymers. On the basis of molecular modeling, Stack et al proposed a structure in which every other polyether oxygen is bonded to adjacent phenolic hydroxyls in the phenolic resins …”

Section: Molecular Mechanics Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flocculation of Polystyrene Latex with Mixtures of Poly(p-vinylphenol) and Poly(ethylene oxide)

et al. 1996

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Poly(p-vinylphenol) (PVPh) was evaluated in conjunction with high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a flocculant for monodisperse surfactant-free polystyrene latex. PVPh was effective with performance similar to that of a commercial phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR). Flocculation was not sensitive to PVPh molecular weight in the range 1500−30 000. PVPh was most effective at intermediate pH values where the polyphenol was present as dispersed particles in the colloid size range. It is proposed that the flocculation involved hydrogen bond complexes between the PVPh particles and PEO. Molecular mechanics calculations of relative energies of PEO/PVPh complexes with varying hydrogen bonding sequences indicated that hydrogen bonding with adjacent or alternating polyether oxygens along the PEO chain was less favorable than that for complexes with bonding of every fourth or fifth oxygen. Polyacrylic acid, another polymer capable of hydrogen-bonded complexes with PEO, gave no latex flocculation. Kinetic analysis indicated that flocculation was an orthokinetic collision process.

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Study of the interaction between poly(ethylene oxide) and phenol-formaldehyde resin

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Factors Affecting the Size of Aqueous Poly(vinylphenol-co-potassium styrenesulfonate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Complexes

Factors Affecting the Size of Aqueous Poly(vinylphenol-co-potassium styrenesulfonate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Complexes

Enhancement of the retention performance of the poly(ethylene oxide) — tannic acid system by poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)

Flocculation of Polystyrene Latex with Mixtures of Poly(p-vinylphenol) and Poly(ethylene oxide)

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