Study of the Expression of Inflammatory Factors IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in Liver Failure Complicated by Coagulation Dysfunction and Sepsis

Abstract

Objective The present study aims to investigate the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in the peripheral blood of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure combined with sepsis, patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, and patients with liver cirrhosis; to investigate the changes in the levels of inflammatory factors in cases of coagulation dysfunction in liver failure combined with sepsis; and to discover more typical inflammatory factors for further evaluation by functional experiments. Methods In the present study, 41 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and sepsis were enrolled as study subjects. These patients were compared with 20 patients with either acute-on-chronic liver failure and liver cirrhosis during the same period. The changes in IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 were detected in each group by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and SPSS 17.0 software was adopted for data analysis. Results There were no significant changes in the levels of IL-4 in any of the groups. However, the levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 were significantly higher in the acute-on-chronic liver failure and sepsis group than in the acute-on-chronic liver failure and the liver cirrhosis groups. Conclusion The present study shows that when liver failure is accompanied by sepsis, the serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 are significantly increased. This could be closely correlated with the occurrence and development of coagulation dysfunction and sepsis. These findings provide new ideas for delaying the deterioration of patients with liver failure in clinical practice.

Double Plasma Molecular Adsorption System with Sequential Low-dose Plasma Exchange in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: A Prospective Study

“…In the early stages of ACLF, cytokine levels reflect the inflammatory state of the body and are closely related to the short-term prognosis of the patients. 16 – 18 The results of this study show that DPMAS+LPE decreased several pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors (e.g., MCP1, MCP3, and MCSF) in patients, which has not been reported in earlier studies. In addition, the ALSS treatment–mediated cytokine clearance rate was closely related to the sessions of DPMAS+LPE therapy.…”

Antithrombin III activity is associated with prognosis, infection, and inflammation in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

“…HBV-ACLF patients are characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the early stage of the onset of the disease. For example, the peripheral blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are significantly increased in the ACLF stage [ 13 ]. In liver failure the intense inflammatory response contributes to the procoagulant state, particularly by reducing the synthesis of liver synthetic protein C and antithrombin III.…”

Interleukin-4 expression is increased in patients with tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In addition, serum and plasma are the 2 major blood components, and coagulation factors from plasma sources may affect IL-4 expression. [ 60 ] The results showed variations in the serum and plasma concerning protein concentration, which could be attributed to eliminating some cytokine sources in the plasma, as depicted by the diagnostic differences for IL-4 in the serum but not in the plasma. [ 61 ] In addition, Liu et al [ 49 ] found that the concentration of IL-4 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis was higher than that in healthy patients, by comparing the data of 17 patients with 11 controls.…”